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Glycopyrrolate; Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions

Glycopyrrolate is a medication of the muscarinic anticholinergic group. It does not cross the blood-brain barrier and consequently has no to few central effects. A synthetic quaternary amine, it is available in oral and intravenous forms and as inhalation. It was developed by Sosei and licensed to Novartis in 2005. The cation, which is the active moiety, is called glycopyrronium (INN) or glycopyrrolate (USAN).

Mechanism of Action of Glycopyrrolate

Glycopyrrolate binds competitively to the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. Like another anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) agents, it inhibits the action of acetylcholine on structures innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves and on smooth muscles that respond to acetylcholine but lack cholinergic innervation. These peripheral cholinergic receptors are present in the autonomic effector cells of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, the sinoatrial node, the atrioventricular node, exocrine glands and, to a limited degree, in the autonomic ganglia. Thus, it diminishes the volume and free acidity of gastric secretions and controls excessive pharyngeal, tracheal, and bronchial secretions.

Indications of Glycopyrrolate

Airway Obstruction
Arrhythmias
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Hypersecretion gastric
Increased bronchial secretion
Muscarinic effects caused by neostigmine
Muscarinic effects caused by pyridostigmine
Neurocardiogenic Syncope
Peptic Ulcers
Salivary hypersecretion
Chronic, severe Salivary hypersecretion
Pharyngeal secretions

Therapeutic Indications

Peptic Ulcers
For use as a preoperative antimuscarinic to reduce salivary, tracheobronchial, and pharyngeal secretions, to reduce the volume and free acidity of gastric secretions and to block cardiac vagal inhibitory reflexes during induction of anesthesia and intubation. Also used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Ensure Breezhaler is indicated as a maintenance bronchodilator treatment to relieve symptoms in adult patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Seebri Breezhaler is indicated as a maintenance bronchodilator treatment to relieve symptoms in adult patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Symptomatic treatment of severe sialorrhoea (chronic pathological drooling) in children and adolescents aged 3 years and older with chronic neurological disorders.
Maintenance bronchodilator treatment to relieve symptoms in adult patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Maintenance bronchodilator treatment to relieve symptoms in adult patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Xoterna Breezhaler is indicated as a maintenance bronchodilator treatment to relieve symptoms in adult patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).