Trophoblast Development – Anatomy, Mechanism

Trophoblast Development/Week 2 is often referred to as the week of twos. It’s the week when the embryoblast, extraembryonic mesoderm and trophoblast each separate into two distinct . Trophoblast Development Trophoblasts are the outer layer of cells that provide nutrients to the embryo and form part of the placenta. Key Points The trophoblast is subdivided into two layers, the inner cytotrophoblast, … [Read more…]

Blood Gas Analysis – Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Blood gas analysis is a commonly used diagnostic tool to evaluate the partial pressures of gas in blood and acid-base content. Understanding and use of blood gas analysis enable providers to interpret respiratory, circulatory, and metabolic disorders. [rx] A “blood gas analysis” can be performed on blood obtained from anywhere in the circulatory system (artery, vein, … [Read more…]

Respiratory Acidosis – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Respiratory acidosis typically occurs due to failure of ventilation and accumulation of carbon dioxide. The primary disturbance is an elevated arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and a decreased ratio of arterial bicarbonate to arterial pCO2, which results in a decrease in the pH of the blood. This activity reviews the presentation, evaluation, and … [Read more…]

Electrolyte Balance – Anatomy, Mechanism, Functions

Electrolyte balance is one of the key issues in maintaining homeostasis in the body, and it also plays important roles in protecting cellular function, tissue perfusion, and acid-base balance. Fluid and electrolyte balance must also be maintained for the management of many clinical conditions. Electrolyte imbalances are common findings in many diseases.[rx,rx] Imbalances in every … [Read more…]

Electrolyte Balance – Pathophysiology, Mechanism, Importance

Electrolyte Balance/Fluid and electrolyte balance is one of the key issues in maintaining homeostasis in the body, and it also plays important roles in protecting cellular function, tissue perfusion, and acid-base balance. Fluid and electrolyte balance must also be maintained for the management of many clinical conditions. Electrolyte imbalances are common findings in many diseases.[rx,rx] … [Read more…]

Body Fluids – Physiology, Mechanism, Functions

Body fluids, bodily fluids, or biofluids are liquids within the human body. In lean healthy adult men, the total body water is about 60% (60–67%) of the total body weight; it is usually slightly lower in women (52-55%).[rx][rx] The exact percentage of fluid relative to body weight is inversely proportional to the percentage of body fat. A lean 70 kg (160 pound) man, for example, … [Read more…]

Competition Pools – All About You Need To Know

Competition Pools/A swimming pool, swimming bath, wading pool, paddling pool, or simply pool is a structure designed to hold water to enable swimming or other leisure activities. Pools can be built into the ground (in-ground pools) or built above ground (as a freestanding construction or as part of a building or other larger structure), and maybe found as a feature aboard … [Read more…]

What is the importance of water balance?

What is the importance of water balance?/Water balance means the inflows to any water system or area are equal to its outflows plus the change in storage during a time interval. In hydrology, a water balance equation can be used to describe the flow of water in and out of a system. A system can … [Read more…]

How do you calculate water balance?

How do you calculate water balance?/Water balance means the inflows to any water system or area are equal to its outflows plus the change in storage during a time interval. In hydrology, a water balance equation can be used to describe the flow of water in and out of a system. A system can be one … [Read more…]

Hormonal Responses To Food – All About You Need To Know

Hormonal responses to food (cephalic responses) are proactive physiological processes, that allow animals to prepare for food ingestion by modulating their hormonal levels in response to food cues. This process is important for digesting food, metabolizing nutrients, and maintaining glucose levels within homeostasis. In this systematic review, we summarize the evidence from animal and human … [Read more…]

Temperature Regulation – Mechanism, Types, Functions

Temperature Regulation/Thermoregulation is a mechanism by which mammals maintain body temperature with tightly controlled self-regulation independent of external temperatures. Temperature regulation is a type of homeostasis and a means of preserving a stable internal temperature in order to survive. Ectotherms are animals that depend on their external environment for body heat, while endotherms are animals that … [Read more…]