Latamoxef is semisynthetic of beta-lactam antibiotic, with antibacterial activity used mainly against gram-negative aerobic bacteria. Replacing the beta-lactam sulfur atom for an oxygen atom and the presence of the methyltetrazolethio moiety and the para-hydroxyphenylmalonyl group increases the antibacterial activity of moxalactam. The 7-alpha-methoxy group and the para-hydroxyphenylmalonyl group increases the stability of this agent against beta-lactamases. The use of this agent has been associated with fatal bleeding events.
Mechanism of Action of Latamoxef
Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the cephalosporins except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain cephalosporins. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections. Penicillins acylate the penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain (the penicillin-binding protein) by opening the lactam ring. This inactivation of the enzyme prevents the formation of a cross-link of two linear peptidoglycan strands, inhibiting the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that amoxicillin interferes with an autolysin inhibitor.
Indications of Latamoxef
- For the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible strains microorganisms.
- Lower respiratory tract infections, including pneumonia and lung abscess,s
- Urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species,
- Intra-abdominal infections, including peritonitis and intra-abdominal abscess,
- Gynecological infections, including endometritis, pelvic cellulitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease caused
- Bone and joint infection,
- GI infections,
- Gynecological infections,
- Meningitis,
- Respiratory tract infections,
- Septicemia,
- Skin infections,
- Soft tissue infections, UTI.
- Bacterial Infections
- Bloodstream Infections
- Bone and Joint Infections
- Aspiration Pneumonia Cesarean Section
- Bronchitis
- Tonsillitis
Contra-Indications of Latamoxef
- Hemolytic anemia
- Liver problems
- Interstitial nephritis
- Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Allergies cephalosporins & beta-lactamase
Dosage of Latamoxef
Strengths : 500 mg ,1000 mg, 1g ,2g I.V
Susceptible infections
- Adult: 2 g/day in 2 divided doses.
- Child: 50-100 mg/kg/day in 2-3 divided doses.
Susceptible infections
- Adult: 2-6 g/day in 2-3 divided doses.
- Child: 50-100 mg/kg/day in 2-3 divided doses.
Meningitis
- Child: 100 mg/kg as loading dose.
Side Effects of Latamoxef
The most common
- skin color change, mild diarrhea
- mild nausea
- loss of appetite
- vaginal discharge and itching
- swelling of feet or legs
- chest pain
- constipation
- a cough
- diarrhea or loose stools
- difficulty with breathing
- dizziness
- heartburn
More common
- Abdominal or stomach pain, discomfort, or tenderness
- chills or fever
- difficulty with moving
- a headache, severe and throbbing
- joint or back pain
- muscle aching or cramping
- muscle pains or stiffness
- chest pressure or squeezing pain in the chest
- excessive sweating
- feeling of heaviness, pain, warmth and/or swelling in a leg or in the pelvis
- sudden tingling or coldness in an arm or leg
- sudden slow or difficult speech
- sudden drowsiness or need to sleep
- fast breathing
- sharp pain when taking a deep breath
- fast or slow heartbeat
- coughing up blood
- rust colored urine
- decreased amount of urine
Rare
- Anxiety
- change in vision
- seizures
- abnormal or fast heart rate
- tremors
- weight loss
- chest pain or tightness
- confusion
- cough
- Agitation
- arm, back, or jaw pain
- blurred vision
- chest pain or discomfort
- convulsions
- extra heartbeats
- fainting
- hallucinations
- headache
- irritability
- lightheadedness
- mood or mental changes
- muscle pain or cramps
Drug Interactions of Latamoxef
Latamoxef may interact with the following drugs, supplements, & may change the efficacy of drugs
- aminoglycoside antibiotics (e.g., gentamicin, tobramycin)
- probenecid
- typhoid vaccine
- cholera vaccine,
- amoxicillin
- BCG vaccine
- Aspirin Low Strength (aspirin)
- Diphenhydramine
- Rosuvastatin
- Duloxetine
- Albuterol
- Topiramate
- Carbamazepine
- Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)
- Alprazolam
- Cetirizine
- Phenprocoumon
- Picosulfuric acid
- Warfarin
Pregnancy Catagory
FDA Pregnancy Category C
Pregnancy
It is not known if latamoxef is safe for use by pregnant women. This medication should not be used during pregnancy unless the benefits outweigh the risks. If you become pregnant while taking this medication, contact your doctor immediately.
Lactation
This medication may pass into breast milk. If you are a breastfeeding mother and are taking latamoxef it may affect your baby. Talk to your doctor about whether you should continue breastfeeding. It is not known if latamoxef is safe for children under 6 months of age.
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