Vinpocetine drug is a synthetic alkaloid derived from the periwinkle plant (specifically, synthesized from the molecule known as ‘vincamine’) that appears to have a track record of usage in European countries for the treatment of cognitive decline, stroke recovery, and epilepsy. Read More …
Category: Drugs A-Z
Cinnarizine; Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Drug Interactions
Cinnarizine is an anti-histaminic drug which is mainly used for the control of vomiting due to motion sickness. It acts by interfering with the signal transmission between the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear and the vomiting center of the hypothalamus. Read More …
Aminophylline; Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Drug Interactions
Aminophylline is a methylxanthine and derivative of theophylline. Aminophylline relaxes smooth muscles, particularly bronchial muscles. This xanthine most likely exerts its effect by inhibiting cAMP or cGMP phosphodiesterases, thereby increasing levels of the second messenger cAMP or cGMP intracellularly. Other modes of actions include an adenosine antagonistic effect on the activity of CD4 lymphocytes and mediator Read More …
Theophylline; Uses, Dosage, Side effects, Drug Interactions
Theophylline is a natural alkaloid derivative of xanthine isolated from the plants Camellia sinensis and Coffea arabica. Theophylline appears to inhibit phosphodiesterase and prostaglandin production, regulate calcium flux and intracellular calcium distribution, and antagonize adenosine. Physiologically, this agent relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, produces vasodilation (except in cerebral vessels), stimulates the Read More …
Doxofylline; Uses, Dosage, Side effects, Drug Interactions
Doxofylline is a methylxanthine derivative with the presence of a dioxolane group in position 7. As a drug used in the treatment of asthma, doxofylline has shown similar efficacy to theophylline but with significantly fewer side effects in animal and human studies. Unlike other xanthines, doxofylline lacks any significant Read More …
Antiasthmatic Drugs; Uses, Side Effects, Interactions
Antiasthmatic drugs are medicines that treat or prevent asthma attacks. Bronchodilators relax the smooth muscles that line the airway. This makes the airways open wider, letting more air pass through them. These drugs are used mainly to relieve sudden asthma attacks or Read More …
Zafirlukast; Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Drug Interactions
Zafirlukast is a tolyl compound and leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA), with anti-asthmatic and potential capsular contracture-preventing activities. Upon administration, zafirlukast selectively and competitively binds to and blocks the cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptor (CYSLTR1), thereby preventing the potent pro-inflammatory mediator’s leukotriene C4, D4, and E4 from binding. Read More …
Montelukast; Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Drug Interactions
Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) used for the maintenance treatment of asthma and to relieve symptoms of seasonal allergies. It is usually administered orally. Montelukast blocks the action of leukotriene D4 on the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor CysLT1 in the lungs and bronchial tubes by binding Read More …
Levocetirizine; Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Drug Interactions
Levocetirizine is a third generation, non-sedating, selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist, with an antihistamine, anti-inflammatory, and potential anti-angiogenic activities. Levocetirizine competes with endogenous histamine for binding at peripheral H1-receptor sites on the effector cell surface. This prevents the negative symptoms associated with histamine release and an allergic reaction. In Read More …
Ketotifen; Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Drug Interactions
Ketotifen is a cycloheptathiophene derivative with anti-allergic activity. Ketotifen selectively blocks histamine (H1) receptors and prevents the typical symptoms caused by histamine release. This agent also interferes with the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells involved in hypersensitivity reactions, thereby decreasing chemotaxis and activation of eosinophils. Read More …
Cetirizine; Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Drug Interactions
Cetirizine is a potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects. Cetirizine is a metabolite of hydroxyzine and a Read More …
Loratadine; Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interaction, Pregnancy
Loratadine is a piperidine histamine H1-receptor antagonist with anti-allergic properties and without sedative effects. Loratadine blocks the H1 histamine receptors and prevents the symptoms that are caused by histamine activity on capillaries, bronchial smooth muscle, and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, including vasodilatation, increased capillary permeability, bronchoconstriction, and spasmodic contraction of Read More …