Tamoxifen is an antineoplastic nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Tamoxifen competitively inhibits the binding of estradiol to estrogen receptors, thereby preventing the receptor from binding to the estrogen-response element on DNA. The result is a reduction in DNA synthesis and cellular response to estrogen. Read More …
Month: January 2019
Exemestane; Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions
Exemestane is a steroidal inhibitor of aromatase which effectively blocks estrogen synthesis in postmenopausal women and is used as a therapy of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, usually after resection and after the failure of tamoxifen. Exemestane has been associated with a low rate of Read More …
Capecitabine; Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions
Capecitabine is a fluoropyrimidine carbamate belonging to the class of antineoplastic agents called antimetabolites. As a prodrug, capecitabine is selectively activated by tumor cells to its cytotoxic moiety, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); subsequently, 5-FU is metabolized to two active metabolites, 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP) and 5-fluorouridine triphosphate (FUTP) by both tumor cells and normal cells. FdUMP inhibits DNA Read More …
Cyclophosphamide; Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions
Cyclophosphamide is a synthetic alkylating agent chemically related to the nitrogen mustards with antineoplastic and immunosuppressive activities. In the liver, cyclophosphamide is converted to the active metabolites aldophosphamide and phosphoramide mustard, which bind to DNA, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and initiating cell death. Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating Read More …
Anastrozole; Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions
Anastrozole is a nonsteroidal inhibitor of estrogen synthesis that resembles paclitaxel in chemical structure. As a third-generation aromatase inhibitor, anastrozole selectively binds to and reversibly inhibits aromatase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme complex found in many tissues including those of the premenopausal ovary, liver, and breast; Read More …
Abemaciclib; Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions
Abemaciclib is a unique cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that is used in combination with an antiestrogen in the treatment of postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer. Abemaciclibis associated with a moderate rate of serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy and is suspected to be Read More …
BPH; Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
BPH /Benign prostatic hyperplasia is the nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland. It refers to stromal and glandular epithelial hyperplasia that occurs in the periurethral transition zone of the prostate that surrounds the urethra [rx]. BPH clinically manifest as lower urinary tract Read More …
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia; Causes, Symptoms, Treatment
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland. It refers to stromal and glandular epithelial hyperplasia that occurs in the periurethral transition zone of the prostate that surrounds the urethra [rx]. BPH clinically manifest as lower Read More …
Diabetes Mellitus; Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Metabolic abnormalities in carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins result from the importance of insulin as an anabolic hormone. Low Read More …
What Are The Most Common Side Effects of Antibiotics
What Are The Most Common Side Effects of Antibiotics/Antibiotics also called an antibacterial type of antimicrobial drug used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections. They may either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. A limited number of antibiotics also possess antiprotozoal activity. Antibiotics are not effective against viruses such as the common cold or influenza; drugs which inhibit viruses are Read More …
What is the Best Antibiotic For Infection
What is the Best Antibiotic For Infection /Antibiotics also called an antibacterial type of antimicrobial drug used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections. They may either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. A limited number of antibiotics also possess antiprotozoal activity. Antibiotics are not effective against viruses such as the common cold or influenza; drugs which inhibit viruses are termed antiviral Read More …
How Do I Get Rid of a UTI Without Antibiotics
How Do I Get Rid of a UTI Without Antibiotics/ Urinary Tract Infection is a bacterial infection of the bladder and associated structures. These are patients with no structural abnormality and no comorbidities, such as diabetes, immunocompromised, or pregnant. Uncomplicated UTI Read More …