Month: May 2018

Estrogen, oestrogen, is the primary female sex hormone. It is responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics. There are three major endogenous estrogens in females that have estrogenic hormonal activity: estrone, estradiol, and estriol. The estrane steroid estradiol is the most potent and prevalent of these. Estrogens are a pharmaceutical Read More …

Benzodiazepines sometimes called “benzos“, are a class of psychoactive drugs whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring. The benzodiazepines are a large class of medications that have multiple clinical uses including therapy of anxiety, insomnia, muscle spasm, alcohol Read More …

Barbiturate is a drug that acts as a central nervous system depressant, and can, therefore, produce a wide spectrum of effects, from mild sedation to total anesthesia. They are also effective as anxiolytics, hypnotics, and anticonvulsants. Barbiturates have addiction potential, both physical and psychological. They have largely been replaced by benzodiazepines in routine medical practice, Read More …

Alpha blockers also are known as α-blockers or α-adrenoreceptor antagonists are a class of pharmacological agents that act as antagonists on α-adrenergic receptors (α-adrenoceptors). Alpha blocker drug that blocks receptors in arteries and smooth muscle. This action relaxes the blood vessels and leads to an increase in blood flow and a lower Read More …

Beta blockers also written β-blockers, are a class of medications that are particularly used to manage abnormal heart rhythms, and to protect the heart from a second heart attack (myocardial infarction) after a first heart attack (secondary prevention). They are also widely used to Read More …

Fluoroquinolones /quinolone antibiotic is any member of a large group of broad-spectrum bactericides that share a bicyclic core structure related to the compound 4-quinolone. They are used in human and veterinary medicine to treat bacterial infections, as well as in animal husbandry. Nearly all quinolone antibiotics in modern Read More …

Cefoperazone is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefoperazone binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in Read More …

Latamoxef is semisynthetic of beta-lactam antibiotic, with antibacterial activity used mainly against gram-negative aerobic bacteria. Replacing the beta-lactam sulfur atom for an oxygen atom and the presence of the methyltetrazolethio moiety and the para-hydroxyphenylmalonyl group increases the antibacterial activity of moxalactam. The 7-alpha-methoxy Read More …

Ceftiolene is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Ceftiolene binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in Read More …

Cefteram is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefteram binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in Read More …

Cefsulodin Sodium is the sodium salt form of cefsulodin, a semi-synthetic, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a narrow spectrum of activity. Cefsulodin sodium is a pyridinium-substituted semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial used especially for Pseudomonas infections in debilitated patients. Cefsulodin has activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Read More …