Rosiglitazone is an anti-diabetic drug in the thiazolidinedione class of drugs. It is marketed by the pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline as a stand-alone drug (Avandia) and in combination with metformin (Avandamet) or with glimepiride (Avandaryl). Like other thiazolidinediones, the mechanism of Read More …
Month: March 2018
Pioglitazone; Uses, Contra indications, Dosage, Side Effects, Drug Interactions
Pioglitazone is an orally-active thiazolidinedione with antidiabetic properties and potential antineoplastic activity. Pioglitazone activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma), a ligand-activated transcription factor, thereby inducing cell differentiation and inhibiting cell growth and angiogenesis. This agent also modulates the transcription of insulin-responsive genes, inhibits macrophage and Read More …
Edema / Oedema; Types, Causes, Lower Extremity Edema
Edema also spelled oedema or edema, is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitium, located beneath the skin and in the cavities of the body, which can cause severe pain. Clinically, edema manifests as swelling. The amount of interstitial fluid is determined by the balance Read More …
Electrolytes Abnormalities; Hypernatremia, Hyponatremia, Hypokalemia, Hyperkalemia
Electrolytes Abnormalities means the abnormal function of body fluid that plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis within the body. They help to regulate heart and neurological function, fluid balance, oxygen delivery, acid-base balance and much more. Electrolyte imbalances can develop by the following mechanisms: Read More …
Hypocalcemia, Hypoglycemia, Malignancies, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Lactic Acidosis
Hypocalcemia, Hypoglycemia, Malignancies, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Lactic Acidosis is low calcium levels in the blood serum. Mildly low levels that develop slowly often have no symptoms. Otherwise symptoms may include numbness, muscle spasms, seizures, confusion, or cardiac arrest. Hypocalcemia also spelled hypocalcemia, is low calcium levels in the blood serum. The normal range is 2.1–2.6 mmol/l(8.8–10.7 mg/dl, 4.3–5.2 mEq/l) Read More …
Pleural Effusion, Pulmonary Embolism, Hemoptysis, ARDS
Pleural Effusion, Pulmonary Embolism, Hemoptysis, ARDS. Pulmonary embolism is the fourth leading cause of pleural effusion. The possibility of pulmonary embolus should be evaluated for all patients who have an undiagnosed pleural effusion. The mechanism of pleural effusion caused by Read More …
Dysphagia, Lactic Acidosis, Hyperbilirubinemia, Renal Failure, Cirrhosis
Dysphagia, Lactic Acidosis, Hyperbilirubinemia, Renal Failure in Cirrhosis He was discharged with gastroenterology follow-up and ultimately underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy which demonstrated narrowing of the distal esophagus suggestive of a peptic stricture. Dilation was deferred in favor of resumption of proton pump inhibitor Read More …
Hematology/Myeloma/Oncology; Types, Evaluation, Treatment
Hematology/ haematology is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to blood. It involves treating diseases that affect the production of blood and its components, such as blood cells, hemoglobin, blood proteins, bone marrow, platelets, blood vessels, spleen, and the mechanism Read More …
Hypocalcemia/Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
Hypocalcemia / Diabetic Ketoacidosis . Hypercalcemia also spelled Hypercalcaemia is a high calcium (Ca2+) level in the blood serum. Those with a mild increase that has developed slowly typically have no symptoms. In those with greater levels or rapid onset, symptoms may include abdominal pain, bone pain, confusion, depression, weakness, kidney stones, or an abnormal Read More …
Epileptic Seizure; Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
Epileptic seizure also known as an epileptic fit is a brief episode of signs or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. The outward effect can vary from uncontrolled jerking movement (tonic-clonic seizure) to as subtle as a momentary Read More …
ECG / EKG; Types, Indications/Uses, Procedures, Results
Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG) is the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on the skin. These electrodes detect the tiny electrical changes on the skin that arise from the heart muscle’s electrophysiologic pattern of depolarizing and repolarizing during each heartbeat. It is a very Read More …
Weakness; Types, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
Weakness or asthenia is a symptom of a number of different conditions.The causes are many and can be divided into conditions that have true or perceived muscle weakness. True muscle weakness is a primary symptom of a variety of skeletal muscle diseases, including muscular dystrophy and inflammatory myopathy. Read More …