Month: January 2018

Risedronic acid is a Bisphosphonate. The chemical classification of risedronic acid is Diphosphonates. Risedronate Sodium is the sodium salt of the risedronic acid, a synthetic pyridinyl bisphosphonate. Risedronic acid binds to hydroxyapatite crystals in bone and inhibits osteoclast-dependent bone resorption. Risedronic acid often used as its sodium salt risedronate sodium (USAN) is a bisphosphonate used Read More …

Alendronic acid is a nonhormonal medication for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women. This drug builds healthy bone, restoring some of the bone loss as a result of osteoporosis. Alendronic Acid is a second generation bisphosphonate and synthetic analog of pyrophosphate with Read More …

Ibandronic Acid is a third-generation amino-bisphosphonate with anti-resorptive and anti-hypercalcemic activities. Ibandronic acid binds to and adsorbs onto the surface of hydroxyapatite crystals in the bone matrix, thereby preventing osteoclast resorption. This agent also inhibits farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, an enzyme involved in the mevalonate pathway. Inhibition of Read More …

Zoledronic acid anhydrous is a Bisphosphonate. The chemical classification of zoledronic acid anhydrous is Diphosphonates. Anhydrous form of a synthetic imidazole third-generation bisphosphonate analog of pyrophosphate with antiresorptive activity. Zoledronate binds to hydroxyapatite crystals in the bone matrix and inhibits farnesyl pyrophosphate (diphosphate) synthase, thereby preventing protein prenylation within the mevalonate pathway. Read More …

Nitroglycerin is an organic nitrate with vasodilator activity. Nitroglycerin is converted into nitric oxide (NO) in smooth muscle and activates guanylyl cyclase, thereby increasing cGMP concentration, and resulting in smooth muscle relaxation. Dilatation of the veins results in the decreased venous return to the heart, thereby decreasing left ventricular Read More …

Ramipril is a prodrug and nonsulfhydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with antihypertensive activity. Ramipril is converted in the liver by de-esterification into its active form ramiprilat, which inhibits ACE, thereby blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. This abolishes the potent vasoconstrictive actions Read More …

Verapamil is a phenylalkylamine calcium channel blocking agent. Verapamil inhibits the transmembrane influx of extracellular calcium ions into myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cells, causing dilatation of the main coronary and systemic arteries and decreasing myocardial contractility. This agent also inhibits the drug efflux pump Read More …

Carvedilol is a synthetic antihypertensive methoxyphenoxy- 2-propanol derivative with no intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, Carvedilol acts as a nonselective beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent (S(-) enantiomer) and as an alpha 1-adrenoceptor blocker (R(+) and S(-) enantiomers). Its acts more strongly on beta-receptors than on alpha 1-receptors, Read More …

Diltiazem is a benzothiazepine derivative with anti-hypertensive, antiarrhythmic properties. Diltiazem blocks voltage-sensitive calcium channels in the blood vessels, by inhibiting the ion-control gating mechanisms, thereby preventing calcium levels increase by other revenues. Alternatively, it has been suggested that this agent also interferes with the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum Read More …

Bepridil is a long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist. Bepridil Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of bepridil, Read More …

Lubiprostone is a bicyclic fatty acid derived from prostaglandin E1 and a chloride channel activator with laxative activity. Upon intake, lubiprostone specifically binds to and activates the type 2 chloride channel (ClC-2) in the apical membrane of the gastrointestinal epithelium. This produces an efflux of chloride ions, thereby drawing water into the gastrointestinal Read More …

Betaxolol is a racemic mixture and selective beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist with antihypertensive and anti-glaucoma activities and devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. Betaxolol selectively and competitively binds to and blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart, thereby decreasing cardiac contractility and rate. This Read More …