Which Types Of Skin Mole Causes Cancer, Treatment

Which Types Of Skin Mole Causes Cancer/Skin Mole/Melanoma is a growth on the skin that develops when pigment cells (melanocytes) grow in clusters. Most adults have between 10 and 40 common moles. These growths are usually found above the waist on areas exposed to the sun. They are seldom found on the scalp, breast, or buttocks. Although common moles may be present at birth, they usually appear later in childhood. Most people continue to develop new moles until about age 40. In older people, common moles tend to fade away.

A melanocytic nevus (also known as endocytic nevus, nevus-cell nevus and commonly as a mole)is a type of melanocytic tumor that contains nevus cells.^[rx] The majority of moles appear during the first two decades of a person’s life, with about one in every 100 babies being born with moles.^[rx] Acquired moles are a form of benign neoplasm, while congenital moles, or congenital nevi, are considered a minor malformation or hamartoma and may be at a higher risk for melanoma.^[rx] A mole can be either subdermal (under the skin) or a pigmented growth on the skin, formed mostly of a type of cell known as a melanocyte. The high concentration of the body’s pigmenting agent, melanin, is responsible for their dark color.

Familial atypical multiple mole melanoma (FAMMM) syndrome is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized by multiple melanocytic nevi, usually more than 50, and a family history of melanoma [rx]. It is associated with mutations in the CDKN2A gene and shows reduced penetrance and variable expressivity. Some FAMMM kindreds show an increased risk for the development of pancreatic cancer and possibly other malignancies [rx].

Types of Skin Mole/Melanoma

According to The Physical appearance type of mole are

• Common moles – Non-cancerous moles are typically pink, tan or brown. They are one color. They can be flat or raised, round or oval, and are typically smaller than a pencil eraser. If you have 50 or more common roles, you are at increased risk for skin cancer and should consult your doctor.
• Atypical moles (dysplastic) – See your doctor if you have any large, unusually shaped, or multi-colored moles, as these may be more likely to develop into skin cancer.
• Congenital moles (birthmarks) – These are moles that you are born with. Very large congenital moles put you at greater risk for melanoma, so you should consult your doctor regularly to check for signs of skin cancer.
• Spitz nevi – These moles look like melanoma (skin cancer). They are usually pink or multicolored, raised, and domed shaped. They may bleed or ooze. You will need a biopsy to ensure such a mole is not cancerous. Spitz nevi are more common in children and young adults.
• Melanoma – A melanoma is a cancerous mole. It will need to be removed. See your doctor immediately if you suspect you have a melanoma.

According to the location of the mole Types

• Junctional nevus – the nevus cells are located along the junction of the epidermis and the underlying dermis. A junctional nevus may be colored and slightly raised.^[rx]
• Compound nevus – A type of mole formed by groups of nevus cells found in the epidermis and dermis.^[rx]
• Intradermal nevus – A classic mole or birthmark. It typically appears as an elevated, dome-shaped bump on the surface of the skin.^[rx]
• Dysplastic nevus (nevus of Clark) – usually a compound nevus with cellular and architectural dysplasia. Like typical moles, dysplastic nevi can be flat or raised. While they vary in size, dysplastic nevi are typically larger than normal moles and tend to have irregular borders and irregular coloration. Hence, they resemble melanoma, appear worrisome, and are often removed to clarify the diagnosis. Dysplastic nevi are markers of risk when they are numerous (atypical mole syndrome). According to the National Cancer Institute (NIH), doctors believe that when part of a series or syndrome of multiple moles, dysplastic nevi are more likely than ordinary moles to develop into the most virulent type of skin cancer called melanoma.^[rx]
• Blue nevus – It is blue in color as its melanocytes are very deep in the skin. The nevus cells are spindle-shaped and scattered in deep layers of the dermis. The covering epidermis is normal.
• Spitz nevus – a distinct variant of intradermal nevus, usually in a child. They are raised and reddish (non-pigmented). A pigmented variant, called the ‘nevus of Reed’, typically appears on the leg of young women.
• Acquired nevus – Any melanocytic nevus that is not a congenital nevus or not present at birth or near birth. This includes junctional, compound and intradermal nevus.
• Congenital nevus – Small to large nevus present at or near the time of birth. Small ones have a low potential for forming melanomas, however, the risk increases with size, as in the giant pigmented nevus.
• Giant pigmented nevus – these large, pigmented, often hairy congenital nevi. They are important because melanoma may occasionally (10 to 15%) appear in them.
• Intramucosal nevus – junctional nevus of the mucosa of the mouth or genital areas. In the mouth, they are found most frequently on the hard palate. They are typically light brown and dome-shaped.
• Nevus of Ito and nevus of Ota – congenital, flat brownish lesions on the face or shoulder.^[rx]
• Mongolian spot – congenital large, deep, bluish discoloration which generally disappears by puberty. It is named for its association with East Asian ethnic groups but is not limited to them.^[rx]
• Recurrent nevus – Any incompletely removed nevus with residual melanocytes left in the surgical wound. It creates a dilemma for the patient and physician, as these scars cannot be distinguished from a melanoma.^[rx]

Causes of Skin Mole/Melanoma

Although anyone can develop melanoma, people with the following risk factors have an increased chance of melanoma [rx]:

• Having a dysplastic nevus
• Having more than 50 common moles
• Sunlight – Sunlight is a source of UV radiation, which causes skin damage that can lead to melanoma and other skin cancers. Sunlight can be reflected by sand, water, snow, ice, and pavement. The sun’s rays can get through clouds, windshields, windows, and light clothing.
• Tanning – Although having skin that tans well lowers the risk of sunburn, even people who tan well without sunburning increase their chance of melanoma by spending time in the sun without protection.
• Lifetime sun exposure – The greater the total amount of sun exposure over a lifetime, the greater the chance of melanoma.
• Severe, blistering sunburns – People who have had at least one severe, blistering sunburn have an increased chance of melanoma. Although people who burn easily are more likely to have had sunburns as a child, sunburns during adulthood also increase the chance of melanoma.
• Sunlamps and tanning booths – UV radiation from artificial sources, such as sunlamps and tanning booths, can cause skin damage and melanoma. Health care providers strongly encourage people, especially young people, to avoid using sunlamps and tanning booths. The risk of skin cancer is greatly increased by using sunlamps and tanning booths before age 30.
• Personal history – People who have had melanoma have an increased risk of developing other melanomas.
• Family history – Melanoma sometimes runs in families. People who have two or more close relatives (mother, father, sister, brother, or child) with melanoma have an increased chance of melanoma. In rare cases, members of a family will have an inherited disorder, such as xeroderma pigmentosum, that makes the skin extremely sensitive to the sun and greatly increases the chance of melanoma.
• Skin that burns easily – People who have fair (pale) skin that burns easily in the sun, blue or gray eyes, red or blond hair, or many freckles have an increased chance of melanoma.
• Certain medical conditions or medicines – Medical conditions or medicines (such as some antibiotics, hormones, or antidepressants) that make the skin more sensitive to the sun or that suppress the immune system increase the chance of melanoma.

Diagnosis of Skin Mole/Melanoma

Healthy moles are usually round or oval in shape and tend to be only one color. They normally aren’t very big (less than 6 mm in diameter).

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The following ABCDE checklist can be used to tell melanoma apart from a normal mole

The ABCDE rule helps to recognize melanoma. But not all criteria apply to every melanoma: For instance, if it starts growing on normal skin (not in an existing mole), it often has a smaller diameter than 6 mm. Additionally, the most dangerous form of melanoma, nodular melanoma, has its own criteria:

• Elevated – Raised moles are especially likely to develop into melanoma.
• Firm – Cancerous moles often become firm or hard to the touch.
• Growing – Moles that are growing are special causes for concern.

If you have a lot of moles and aren’t sure how to best keep track of them all, it might help to use the “ugly duckling” method. “Ugly ducklings” are moles that stand out from the crowd. This can make it easier to spot abnormal changes in the skin.

• Skin Cancer Screening – In February 2009, the US Preventive Services Task Force published an update stating that there is insufficient evidence available to recommend for or against skin cancer screening.[rx] Furthermore, there has never been a randomized, controlled trial examining the efficacy of skin cancer screening. Thus, no data exist to demonstrate the effectiveness of early detection of skin cancer or the benefits on morbidity and mortality, including a reasonable calculation of the benefits of screening in the general population.
• Role of Total Body Photography and Dermoscopy – Total body photography (TBP) is used to sequentially document the stability of skin lesions, detect subtle changes in existing lesions, and to recognize new lesions.[rx] Additionally, TBP was shown to help identify melanoma in its earlier stages and promote continued surveillance of skin lesions via the patient performing SSE.
• Dermoscopy – is a simple and inexpensive technique that permits the visualization of morphologic characteristics that are not readily detectable with the naked eye. It is a real-time, in vivo method for the early detection of melanoma and other pigmented skin lesions. It has been shown to improve diagnostic sensitivity for melanoma by 10% to 27%.[rx]
• Clinical Significance of Dysplastic Nevi – BK moles, Clark’s nevi, and atypical nevi are terms that refer to lesions with specific clinical and pathologic characteristics associated with an increased risk for the development of melanoma. These typically become clinically apparent at puberty or adolescence and continue to appear throughout life. Some clinicians have described patients having many nevi as having “dysplastic nevus syndrome,” although the classic definition refers to a patient with a triad of >100 nevi, at least 1 nevus that is ≥8 mm in diameter, and at least 1 nevus with clinically atypical features. The clinical significance of dysplastic nevi is in their association with the development of melanoma, with an age-adjusted incidence of melanoma ∼15 times higher in those patients with dysplastic nevi versus the general population (154 vs 10 per 100,000 person-years).[rx]

Melanoma stages – Healthcare professionals use a staging system called the AJCC system to describe how far melanoma has grown into the skin (the thickness) and whether it has spread. The type of treatment you receive will depend on what stage the melanoma has reached.

The melanoma stages can be described as

• Stage 0 – the melanoma is on the surface of the skin
• Stage 1A – the melanoma is less than 1mm thick
• Stage 1B – the melanoma is 1-2mm thick, or less than 1mm thick and the surface of the skin is broken (ulcerated) or its cells are dividing faster than usual
• Stage 2A – the melanoma is 2-4mm thick, or it’s 1-2mm thick and ulcerated
• Stage 2B – the melanoma is thicker than 4mm, or it’s 2-4mm thick and ulcerated
• Stage 2C – the melanoma is thicker than 4mm and ulcerated
• Stage 3A – the melanoma has spread into 1 to 3 nearby lymph nodes, but they’re not enlarged; the melanoma isn’t ulcerated and hasn’t spread further
• Stage 3B – the melanoma is ulcerated and has spread into 1 to 3 nearby lymph nodes but they’re not enlarged, or the melanoma isn’t ulcerated and has spread into 1 to 3 nearby lymph nodes and they are enlarged, or the melanoma has spread to small areas of skin or lymphatic channels, but not to nearby lymph nodes
• Stage 3C – the melanoma is ulcerated and has spread into 1 to 3 nearby lymph nodes and they’re enlarged, or it’s spread into 4 or more lymph nodes nearby
• Stage 4 – the melanoma cells have spread to other parts of the body, such as the lungs, brain or other areas of the skin;

Treatment of Skin Mole/Melanoma

Home Remedies of Skin Mole/Melanoma

Removing Moles Yourself with Natural Remedies

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