12 Tips To Start Your Day With A Positive Attitude/The moment you open your eyes, you can do one of two things – you can either hop out of bed and make the best of your day, or hit the snooze button, pull the covers over your head, and dread the day ahead. We all … [Read more…]
Hypopituitarism is the decreased (hypo) secretion of one or more of the eight hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain. If there is decreased secretion of one specific pituitary hormone, the condition is known as selective hypopituitarism. If there is decreased secretion of most or all pituitary hormones Causes of Hypopituitarism Grave disease Mechanism: thyroid-stimulating antibodies Female > … [Read more…]
Rasagiline is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is an irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase and is used as a monotherapy in early Parkinson’s disease or as an adjunct therapy in more advanced cases. The precise mechanisms of action of rasagiline is unknown. One mechanism is believed to be related to its … [Read more…]
Cefetamet is a semisynthetic, beta-lactamase-stable, third-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefetamet binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage … [Read more…]
Cefminox is a semisynthetic, second-generation, beta-lactamase-stable cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefminox binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage … [Read more…]
Tricyclic antidepressants with anticholinergic and sedative properties. Amitriptyline appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines. or Tricyclic antidepressants are a class of medications that are used primarily as antidepressants. Tricyclic antidepressants (often abbreviated to … [Read more…]
Infliximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody biologic drug that works against tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and is used to treat autoimmune diseases. It is an antibody administered intravenously that is used for treating several chronic inflammatory diseases. Infliximab works by blocking the effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), a substance made by cells of the body which has an important role in … [Read more…]
Abatacept is the first in a new class of biologics known as selective costimulation modulators. It inhibits full activation of T cells and interacts with other cell types to affect additional mediators of the drug used to treat autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, by interfering with the immune activity of T cells. It is a fusion protein composed of the Fc … [Read more…]
Etanercept belongs to the class of medications called biological response modifiers (“biologics”) or tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNF blockers). It works by decreasing TNF, a protein produced by the immune system to helps the body fight infections. It is a biopharmaceutical that treats autoimmune diseases by interfering with tumor necrosis factor (TNF, a soluble inflammatory cytokine) by acting as a TNF … [Read more…]
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disorder of the central nervous system marked by weakness, numbness, a loss of muscle coordination, and problems with vision, speech, and bladder control. Multiple sclerosis is thought to be an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system destroys myelin. It is a demyelinating disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged. When this occurs, axons (the parts of the nerve cells that conduct impulses to … [Read more…]
Ipratropium is a synthetic derivative of the alkaloid atropine with anticholinergic properties. Ipratropium antagonizes the actions of acetylcholine at parasympathetic postganglionic effector cell junctions. When inhaled, ipratropium binds competitively to cholinergic receptors in the bronchial smooth muscle thereby blocking the bronchoconstrictor actions of the acetylcholine (Ach) mediated vagal impulses. Inhibition of the vagal tone leads to dilation of the large central airways resulting in bronchodilation. … [Read more…]
COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is a type of obstructive lung disease characterized by long-term breathing problems and poor airflow.It is an umbrella term used to describe progressive lung diseases including emphysema, chronic bronchitis, refractory (non-reversible) asthma, and some forms of bronchio ectasis.The main symptoms include shortness of breath and cough with sputum production.COPD is a progressive disease, meaning it typically worsens over time. Eventually … [Read more…]