Frozen Shoulder; Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Adhesive capsulitis

Frozen shoulder is an extremely painful and debilitating condition leading to stiffness and disability. It typically occurs in the fifth and sixth decades of life, thus affecting individuals of working age. The disability resulting from this condition has a considerable economic impact on affected individuals and society. Frozen shoulder can be either primary (idiopathic) or … [Read more…]

Spinal Disc Herniation; Cause, Symptom, Diagnosis, Treatment

Spinal disc herniation

Lumbar disc herniation is a common condition that frequently affects the spine in young and middle-aged patients.1,5,11 The lumbar intervertebral disc is a complex structure composed of collagen, proteoglycans, and sparse fibrochondrocytic cells that serve to dissipate forces exerted on the spine. As part of the normal aging process, the disc fibrochondrocytes can undergo senescence, and … [Read more…]