Geographic tongue is a benign chronic relapsing recurring inflammatory condition of the oral cavity of unknown etiology. It can also be referred to as benign migratory glossitis, erythema migrans, annulus migrans, and a wandering rash of the tongue.[rx][rx][rx][rx] It usually manifests as asymptomatic erythematous and migratory circinate patches that give its characteristic appearance of a map.[rx][rx] Depending … [Read more…]
Pierre Robin Sequence increasingly known as the Robin sequence or Pierre Robin sequence comprises the triad of micrognathia, glossoptosis, and obstructive apnea. It is a highly heterogeneous condition. Physicians have used varying sets of criteria to make this diagnosis, which has resulted in widespread confusion. Pierre Robin sequence is related to several other craniofacial anomalies and … [Read more…]
Cleft tongue syndrome, also called the bifid tongue, have a split running along the length of their tongue. Clefting occurs because the body fails to completely develop in order to join the two sides of the tongue together. Prenatal ultrasounds sometimes detect the presence of the cleft before birth. The cause is usually unknown and … [Read more…]
Hypoglossia/Macroglossia is an uncommon developmental condition and is also known as hypoglossia. Its defining feature is a rudimentary or an abnormally small tongue. It leads to limited muscular movement and is associated with syndromes such as Hanhart syndrome. Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) is the most common overgrowth syndrome. The condition was named after American pediatric pathologist John Bruce Beckwith … [Read more…]
Macroglossia is an uncommon developmental condition and is also known as hypoglossia. Its defining feature is a rudimentary or an abnormally small tongue. It leads to limited muscular movement and is associated with syndromes such as Hanhart syndrome. Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) is the most common overgrowth syndrome. The condition was named after American pediatric pathologist John Bruce Beckwith … [Read more…]
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a growth disorder variably characterized by neonatal hypoglycemia, macrosomia, macroglossia, hemihyperplasia, omphalocele, embryonal tumors (e.g., Wilms tumor, hepatoblastoma, neuroblastoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma), visceromegaly, adrenocortical cytomegaly, renal abnormalities (e. Macroglossia is an uncommon developmental condition and is also known as hypoglossia. Its defining feature is a rudimentary or an abnormally small tongue. It leads to limited … [Read more…]
Aglossia (aglossia congenita) is a congenital defect resulting in a partial development or complete absence of a tongue. Aglossia is commonly associated with craniofacial and limb defects (Adactylia syndrome) and is thought to belong to a family of oromandibular limb hypogenesis syndrome or OLHS. It is believed to be caused by heat-induced vascular disruption near the fourth week of embryonic development. Aglossia congenita … [Read more…]
Cheilitis is an inflammation of the lips, which could be acute or chronic. The inflammation primarily arises in the vermilion zone but may extend to surrounding skin and less commonly, to the oral mucosa. It may be caused by a multitude of factors, including contact irritants or allergens, chronic sun exposure, and nutritional deficiencies, as well as … [Read more…]
Tongue-Tie/Ankyloglossia is a congenital condition characterized by an abnormally short, thickened, or tight lingual frenulum, or an anterior attachment of the lingual frenulum, that restricts the mobility of the tongue.[rx] It variably causes reduced anterior tongue mobility and has been associated with functional limitations in breastfeeding; swallowing; articulation; orthodontic problems, including malocclusion, open bite, and separation … [Read more…]
Ankyloglossia is a congenital condition characterized by an abnormally short, thickened, or tight lingual frenulum, or an anterior attachment of the lingual frenulum, that restricts the mobility of the tongue.[rx] It variably causes reduced anterior tongue mobility and has been associated with functional limitations in breastfeeding; swallowing; articulation; orthodontic problems, including malocclusion, open bite, and separation … [Read more…]
Tongue diseases can be congenital or acquired and are multiple in number. Considered according to a surgical sieve, some example conditions which can involve the tongue are discussed below. Glossitis is a general term for tongue inflammation, which can have various etiologies, e.g. infection. Types of Tongue Diseases Congenital Examples of congenital disorders which affect the tongue include: Aglossia – complete absence of the tongue … [Read more…]
Rhinophyma is a disfiguring nasal deformity due to the proliferation of sebaceous glands and underlying connective tissue. The name itself is broken down into “rhis,” derived from Greek meaning nose, and “phyma,” also Greek, for skin tumor. While rhinophyma is the most common subtype of these tumor-like swellings, other sites include the following[rx]: Mentophyma (chin) … [Read more…]