Posterior Disc Bulging – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Posterior disc bulging is one of the most leading common causes of PLID, lumbar intervertebral discs disorders, epidural hematoma, epidural abscess, spinal cord infarction, discal cyst, mechanical back pain, degenerative spinal stenosis degenerative cervical spondylosis, cauda equina syndrome, and spinal mechanical derangements of the low back in patients suffering from intractable sciatic pain, herniation disc. The … [Read more…]

Spondylodiscitis – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Spondylodiscitis, (rare plural: spondylodiscitis) also referred to as discitis-osteomyelitis, is characterized by an infection involving the intervertebral disc and adjacent vertebrae. Facet arthropathy is a degenerative condition that affects the spine. The spine is made up of segments of vertebrae running along the spinal column. Between each vertebra are two facet joints. The facet joints along the … [Read more…]

Shoulder Examination Tests – Indications, Contraind

Shoulder Examination Tests/Shoulder Examination TestsPhysical examination tests of the shoulder (PETS) are clinical examination maneuvers designed to aid the assessment of shoulder complaints. Despite more than 180 PETS described in the literature, evidence of their validity and usefulness in diagnosing the shoulder is questioned. The complex structure of the shoulder, with its variable pathological conditions … [Read more…]

Pars Interarticularis – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

A pars interarticularis defect is a unilateral or bilateral fracture involving the pars interarticularis of the posterior vertebral arch. This injury occurs almost exclusively in the lower lumbar region, most often at L5. This activity highlights the interprofessional management of this condition. The pars interarticularis (pars) lies between the superior and inferior articular processes bilaterally … [Read more…]

Pars Interarticularis Defect – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

A pars interarticularis defect is a unilateral or bilateral fracture involving the pars interarticularis of the posterior vertebral arch. This injury occurs almost exclusively in the lower lumbar region, most often at L5. This activity highlights the interprofessional management of this condition. The pars interarticularis (pars) lies between the superior and inferior articular processes bilaterally … [Read more…]

Clinical Examination of Lower Limb Deformity

Clinical Examination of Lower Limb Deformity/When a child is born, it has 10-15 degrees of physiological genu varum, 5-degree internal tibial torsion and external rotation contracture of the hip. It reaches the maximum by about 9-12 months. This usually gets corrected to neutral by the age of 18-24 months then the limb develops a valgus … [Read more…]

PLID Manual Test and Examination

PLID Manual Test and Examination /Manual Test and Examination of Spine is an essential skill to master that will benefit you throughout your medical and surgical career. This article describes the basic anatomy and surface markings of the spine that will aid your examination and also discusses diagnostic tests for common pathologies. The special tests … [Read more…]

Manual Test and Examination of Spine

Manual Test and Examination of Spine is an essential skill to master that will benefit you throughout your medical and surgical career. This article describes the basic anatomy and surface markings of the spine that will aid your examination and also discusses diagnostic tests for common pathologies. The special tests in the spine examination allow … [Read more…]

Neurological Examination of Spine

Neurological Examination of spine is an essential skill to master that will benefit you throughout your medical and surgical career. This article describes the basic anatomy and surface markings of the spine that will aid your examination and also discusses diagnostic tests for common pathologies. The special tests in the spine examination allow clinicians to … [Read more…]