Hemostasis is the mechanism that leads to the cessation of bleeding from a blood vessel hemostasis is the process that stops blood loss from a damaged vessel. Blood clotting is achieved by a cascade of enzymatic reactions, which involves a series of factors. Among them are the zymogens prekallikrein, prothrombin, factors VII, IX, X, XI, and XII, which are converted to active proteases by hydrolysis. It is a … [Read more…]

Asbestosis is an interstitial lung disease caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibers. These fibers are different mineral silicates (mainly hydrated magnesium silicates) and are classified into two main categories based on their shape i.e., serpentine and amphibole.[rx] Serpentine fibers include chrysolites that are curly and flexible and are less pathogenic than amphibole fibers. Chrysolite being … [Read more…]

Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive method for monitoring a person’s oxygen saturation. Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) readings are typically within 2% accuracy (within 4% accuracy in the worst 5% of cases) of the more desirable (and invasive) reading of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) from arterial blood gas analysis.[rx] But the two are correlated well enough that the safe, convenient, noninvasive, inexpensive pulse … [Read more…]

Hardening of The Arteries/Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), also called coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), or simply heart disease, is a chronic and gradual reduction of blood flow to the heart muscle specially myocardium due to the build-up of accessive plaque (atherosclerosis) in the arteries inner sidewall of the heart and myocardial wall and systolic thickening. It is almost always due … [Read more…]

Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease /Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), also called coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), or simply heart disease, is a chronic and gradual reduction of blood flow to the heart muscle specially myocardium due to the build-up of accessive plaque (atherosclerosis) in the arteries inner sidewall of the heart and myocardial wall and systolic thickening. It is almost always … [Read more…]

Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease/Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), also called coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), or simply heart disease, is a chronic and gradual reduction of blood flow to the heart muscle specially myocardium due to the build-up of accessive plaque (atherosclerosis) in the arteries inner sidewall of the heart and myocardial wall and systolic thickening. It is almost always due … [Read more…]

Ischemic Heart Disease/Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), also called coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), or simply heart disease, is a chronic and gradual reduction of blood flow to the heart muscle specially myocardium due to the build-up of accessive plaque (atherosclerosis) in the arteries inner sidewall of the heart and myocardial wall and systolic thickening. It is almost always due to … [Read more…]

Coronary Microvascular Disease/Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), also called coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), or simply heart disease, is a chronic and gradual reduction of blood flow to the heart muscle specially myocardium due to the build-up of accessive plaque (atherosclerosis) in the arteries inner sidewall of the heart and myocardial wall and systolic thickening. It is almost always due to … [Read more…]

Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a syndrome that arises in non-acclimatized individuals who ascend to high altitudes. It is a form of acute altitude illness that occurs due to a decrease in the atmospheric partial pressure of oxygen as the altitude increases, inducing hypoxia. This includes acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude cerebral oedema (HACE), and … [Read more…]

Kinetosis/Motion sickness is also called “kinetosis” describes as physiologic abnormal responses to your eye, nervous system, brain to travel in sea, car, train, air, plane, and virtual reality immersion disorder. It gave sufficient stimulus, all people with functional vestibular systems and develop motion sickness with a set of symptoms that occur in association with the … [Read more…]

Travel Sickness/Motion sickness is also called “kinetosis” describes as physiologic abnormal responses to your eye, nervous system, brain to travel in sea, car, train, air, plane, and virtual reality immersion disorder. It gave sufficient stimulus, all people with functional vestibular systems and develop motion sickness with a set of symptoms that occur in association with … [Read more…]