Benzyl benzoate Cream/Benzyl benzoate is a benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of benzoic acid with benzyl alcohol. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Polyalthia. It has a role as a scabicide, an acaricide, and a plant metabolite. It is a benzyl ester and a benzoate ester. It derives from benzoic acid.
Benzyl benzoate is one of the older preparations used to treat scabies. Scabies is a skin infection caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. It is characterized by severe itching (particularly at night), red spots, and may lead to a secondary infection. Benzyl benzoate is lethal to this mite and so is useful in the treatment of scabies. It is also used to treat lice infestation of the head and body. Benzyl benzoate is not the treatment of choice for scabies due to its irritant properties.
Benzyl benzoate is one of the older preparations used to treat scabies. Scabies is a skin infection caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. It is characterized by severe itching (particularly at night), red spots, and may lead to a secondary infection. Benzyl benzoate is lethal to this mite and so is useful in the treatment of scabies. It is also used to treat lice infestation of the head and body. Benzyl benzoate is not the treatment of choice for scabies due to its irritant properties.
Synonyms
- Acarobenzyl
- Benylate
- Benzevan
- Benzoate de benzyle
- Benzoesäurebenzylester
- Benzoic acid phenylmethylester
- Benzoic acid, benzyl ester
- Benzoic acid, phenylmethyl ester
- Benzyl benzoat
- Benzylis benzoas
- Phenylmethyl benzoate
Mechanism of Action of Benzyl Benzoate
Benzyl benzoate exerts toxic effects on the nervous system of the parasite, resulting in its death. It is also toxic to mite ova, though its exact mechanism of action is unknown. In vitro, benzyl benzoate has been found to kill the Sarcoptes mite within 5 minutes. Benzyl benzoate is one of the older preparations used to treat scabies. Scabies is a skin infection caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. It is characterized by severe itching (particularly at night), red spots, and may lead to a secondary infection. Benzyl benzoate is lethal to this mite and so is useful in the treatment of scabies. It is also used to treat lice infestation of the head and body. Benzyl benzoate is not the treatment of choice for scabies due to its irritant properties.
Indications of Benzyl Benzoate
- Used to kill lice and the mites responsible for the skin condition scabies.
- Benzyl benzoate is used as an alternative agent for the topical treatment of scabies and also has been used for the topical treatment of pediculosis (lice infestation). Benzyl benzoate lotion, in an approximate concentration of 28% w/w, is applied topically. The drug should not be administered orally. Containers of the lotion should be shaken before using it.
- Benzyl benzoate is an effective and inexpensive topical treatment for human scabies. It has vasodilating and spasmolytic effects and is present in many asthma and whooping cough drugs.[rx] It is also used as an excipient in some testosterone-replacement medications (like Nebido) for treating hypogonadism.[rx]
- Benzyl benzoate is used as a topical acaricide, scabicide, and pediculicide in veterinary hospitals.[rx]
Dosage of Benzyl Benzoate
The dose of benzyl benzoate will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor’s orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of benzyl benzoate. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.
The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.
For topical dosage form (emulsion)
For lice infestation
- Adults—Use just one time. For severe cases, treatment may be repeated two or three times after twenty-four hours.
- Children—
- For infants: Use mixed with three parts of water, just one time.
- For older children: Use mixed with an equal quantity of water, just one time.
For scabies infestation
- Adults—Use just one time. For severe cases, treatment may be repeated after twenty-four hours one time anytime within five days.
- Children—
- For infants: Use mixed with three parts of water, just one time.
- For older children: Use mixed with an equal quantity of water, just one time.
Side Effects of Benzyl Benzoate
- Blister formation, crusting, itching, oozing, reddening, or scaling of the skin
- difficulty in urinating (dribbling)
- jerking movements
- sudden loss of consciousness
Pregnancy Category of Benzyl Benzoate
Pregnancy
Problems in humans have not been documented. However, the manufacturer recommends that benzyl benzoate not be used in pregnant women unless considered essential.
Breast-feeding
Problems in humans have not been documented. However, the manufacturer recommends that breastfeeding be suspended during treatment and reinstated only after the medication has been discontinued.
Pediatrics
Appropriate studies on the relationship of age to the effects of benzyl benzoate have not been performed in the pediatric population. However, no pediatrics-specific problems have been documented to date.
Proper use of benzyl benzoate
Benzyl benzoate usually comes with patient directions. Read them carefully before using benzyl benzoate.
Use benzyl benzoate only as directed. Do not use more of it and do not use it more often than recommended on the label. To do so may increase the chance of absorption through the skin and the chance of side effects.
Keep benzyl benzoate away from the eyes and other mucous membranes, such as the inside of the nose, because it may cause irritation . If you accidentally get some in your eyes, flush them thoroughly with water at once.
Do not use benzyl benzoate on open wounds, such as cuts or sores on the skin or scalp. To do so may increase the amount of absorption, which may increase the chance of side effects.
Your sexual partner or partners, especially, and all members of your household may need to be treated also, since the infestation may spread to persons in close contact. If these persons have not been examined for infestation or if you have any questions about this, check with your doctor.
To use benzyl benzoate for lice:
- If your hair has any cream, lotion, ointment, or oil-based product on it, shampoo, rinse, and dry your hair and scalp well before applying benzyl benzoate.
- Apply enough medicine to thoroughly wet the dry hair and scalp or skin.
- Allow the medicine to remain on the affected areas for 24 hours.
- Then, thoroughly wash the affected areas with warm water and soap or regular shampoo.
- Rinse thoroughly and dry with a clean towel.
- After rinsing and drying, use a fine-toothed comb (less than 0.3 mm between the teeth) to remove any remaining nits (eggs) or nit shells from your hair, or, if you have fine hair, you may use a tweezer or your fingernails to pick nits out.
To use benzyl benzoate for scabies:
- If your skin has any cream, lotion, ointment, or oil on it, wash, rinse, and dry your skin well before applying benzyl benzoate.
- If you take a bath or shower before using benzyl benzoate, dry the skin well before applying for the medicine.
- Apply enough medicine to cover the entire skin surface from the neck down, including the soles of your feet, and rub in well.
- Allow the medicine to remain on the body for 24 hours.
- Then, thoroughly wash the body with warm water and soap.
- Rinse thoroughly and dry with a clean towel.
Immediately after using benzyl benzoate, wash your hands to remove any medicine that may be on them.
Treatment may need to be repeated for severe infestation.
Drug Warnings
- Studies in animals showed that oral ingestion of large doses of benzyl benzoate resulted in progressive incoordination, CNS excitation, seizures, and death.
- When used in appropriate dosage, topically applied benzyl benzoate appears to have a low order of toxicity. Slight local irritation (especially of the male genitalia), itching, and allergic skin sensitivity may occur, and contact with the face, eyes, mucous membranes, and urethral meatus should be avoided. Repeated application of benzyl benzoate frequently causes contact dermatitis.
- Benzyl benzoate is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to the drug.
- Benzyl benzoate should not be applied to acutely inflamed skin or raw, weeping surfaces. If primary irritation or hypersensitivity occurs, treatment should be discontinued and the drug removed with soap and water.
References
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