Category: Health A – Z

Idiopathic Transverse Myelitis/Myelitis is an acute or subacute rare demyelinating and immune-mediated inflammatory myelopathy disorder of the central nervous system and spinal cord resulting in potentially disabling neurological deficits such as motor weakness and sensory deficits, as well as autonomic dysfunction. It is potentially a devastating disorder with variable outcomes that characterized by a relatively…

Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is a clinical syndrome that occurs in natives or long-life residents above 2500 m. It is characterized by excessive erythrocytosis (EE; women hemoglobin (Hb) ≥ 19 g dl−1; men Hb ≥ 21 g dl−1) and severe hypoxemia which gets worse at bedtime. The etiology of CMS is a decrease of the ventilatory function, which at high altitude produces hypoxemia, the…

High Altitude Sickness/Acute high-altitude illness is an encompassing term for the range of pathology that the unacclimatized individual can develop at an increased altitude. This includes acute mountain sickness, high-altitude cerebral edema, and high-altitude pulmonary edema. These conditions represent an increasing clinical problem as more individuals are exposed to the hypobaric hypoxic environment of high…

Acute high-altitude illness is an encompassing term for the range of pathology that the unacclimatized individual can develop at an increased altitude. This includes acute mountain sickness, high-altitude cerebral edema, and high-altitude pulmonary edema. These conditions represent an increasing clinical problem as more individuals are exposed to the hypobaric hypoxic environment of high altitude for…

Polyarthritis refers to a joint disease that involves at least five joints. One or more signs of inflammation, including pain, movement restriction, swelling, warmth, and redness, are seen in the involving joints. In the event that pain is the only symptom, it is difficult to differentiate polyarthritis from the causes of polyarticular joint pain (PJP),…

Classic Dermatomyositis (CDM)/Dermatomyositis is a rare acquired or autoimmune humoral-mediated muscle disease characterized by muscle weakness and a skin rash that causes muscle inflammation and disease condition in which antigen-specific antibodies are deposited in the microvasculature, either secondary to immune complex deposition or specific anti-endothelial cell binding [rx, rx]. It presents with symmetric proximal muscle…

MPD1 and Distal Myopathy 1 /Laing distal myopathy is called myopathy distal, type 1 (MPD1) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited distal myopathy characterized by early-onset (usually before age 5 years) very slowly progressive, selective weakness of the great toe and ankle dorsiflexor muscle that initially involves the dorsiflexion of the ankles and great toes…

Tibial Distal Myopathy /Distal muscular dystrophies are a group of rare, genetic, inherited primary muscle disorders showing progressive weakness and atrophy preferentially in the hands, forearm, lower legs, or feet. The distal muscles are those farther from the center of the body and include the muscles of the lower arms and legs and the hands…

Distal Myopathy with Rimmed Vacuoles (DMRV)/Distal muscular dystrophies are a group of rare, genetic, inherited primary muscle disorders showing progressive weakness and atrophy preferentially in the hands, forearm, lower legs, or feet. The distal muscles are those farther from the center of the body and include the muscles of the lower arms and legs and…

Distal Myopathy with Rimmed Vacuoles (DMRV)/Distal muscular dystrophies are a group of rare, genetic, inherited primary muscle disorders showing progressive weakness and atrophy preferentially in the hands, forearm, lower legs, or feet. The distal muscles are those farther from the center of the body and include the muscles of the lower arms and legs and…

Gowers–Laing Distal Myopathy/Distal muscular dystrophies are a group of rare, genetic, inherited primary muscle disorders showing progressive weakness and atrophy preferentially in the hands, forearm, lower legs, or feet. The distal muscles are those farther from the center of the body and include the muscles of the lower arms and legs and the hands and…

Finnish (tibial) Distal Myopathy/Distal muscular dystrophies are a group of rare, genetic, inherited primary muscle disorders showing progressive weakness and atrophy preferentially in the hands, forearm, lower legs, or feet. The distal muscles are those farther from the center of the body and include the muscles of the lower arms and legs and the hands…