Category: Health A – Z

How Much Water Content in the Body/The fluids of the various tissues of the human body are divided into fluid compartments. Fluid compartments are generally used to compare the position and characteristics of fluid in relation to the fluid within other compartments. While fluid compartments may share some characteristics with the divisions defined by the…

  How to Prevent an Electrolyte Imbalance We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Fluids in your body Athletes have been swigging electrolyte replenishers since 1965. That was the year a Florida Gators coach asked doctors why his…

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its progression to this terminal disease remains a significant source of reduced quality of life and significant premature mortality. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a debilitating disease, and standards of medical care involve aggressive monitoring for signs of disease progression and early referral to…

Cholesterol Metabolism/Cholesterol is an essential lipid for mammalian cells and its homeostasis is tightly regulated. Disturbance of cellular cholesterol homeostasis is linked to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. A central role in the sensing and regulation of cholesterol homeostasis is attributed to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This organelle harbors inactive transcription factors, which sense ER cholesterol…

Small Bowel Cancer encompasses a series of malignant lesions that may be identified throughout the small intestine (SI). The small bowel lies between the stomach and the large intestine (LI/Colon) and is encompassed by three different sections, the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum to the level of the ileocecal valve which provides the terminal transition point…

Tests of The Shoulder Joints and Physical Examination  (PETS) are clinical examination maneuvers designed to aid the assessment of shoulder complaints. Despite more than 180 PETS described in the literature, evidence of their validity and usefulness in diagnosing the shoulder is questioned. The complex structure of the shoulder, with its variable pathological conditions of rotator…

5 Exercises To Increase Penis Size/ Most men have the ego that the bigger your penis is, the better your sex life would be. The truth is most women like their partners to have a longer and thicker penis. So how do you increase penis size? Penis stretching is the process of using hands or…

Systolic hypertension is the predominant form of hypertension in the elderly population. Traditionally it has been defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) above 140 mmHg with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of less than 90 mmHg. It is estimated that 15 percent of people 60 years old and above have isolated systolic hypertension. Per the 2017…

The blood vessels are the components of the circulatory system that transport blood throughout the human body. These vessels transport blood cells, nutrients, and oxygen to the tissues of the body. They also take waste and carbon dioxide away from the tissues. Blood vessels are needed to sustain life because all of the body’s tissues rely on their functionality.[rx] There are five…

Cardiac muscle (or myocardium) makes up the thick middle layer of the heart. It is one of three types of muscle in the body, along with skeletal and smooth muscle. The myocardium is surrounded by a thin outer layer called the epicardium (AKA visceral pericardium) and an inner endocardium. Coronary arteries supply to the cardiac…

Examination of Knee Joint/The knee examination, in medicine and physiotherapy, is performed as part of a physical examination, or when a patient presents with knee pain or a history that suggests a pathology of the knee joint. The knee examination, in medicine and physiotherapy, is performed as part of a physical examination, or when a patient presents with knee pain or a history that suggests a pathology of the knee…

Plasma exchange (TPE) is a procedure employed to “cleanse” the blood of various pathologic entities including antibodies, immune complexes, cellular elements, infectious agents, and toxins. A variety of conditions are responsive to therapy with TPE either as a first-line intervention or adjunct therapy. TPE, or plasmapheresis, consists of the separation of whole blood into its…