Category: Health A – Z

Erythema Nodosum (EN) is a common acute nodular septal panniculitis, characterized by the sudden onset of erythematous, firm, solid, deep nodules or plaques that are painful on palpation and mainly localized on extensor surfaces of the legs. These nodules are characterized by a typical histological appearance regardless of the etiology, marked by acute inflammation of

Erythema Multiforme (EM) is a cutaneous and mucosal hypersensitivity reaction with characteristic lesions in target triggered by certain antigenic stimuli. It represents an acute condition, sometimes recurrent, of the skin and mucosal membranes manifested by papular, bullous, and necrotic lesions. Its causes are variable and numerous, and its evolution is generally favorable.[1][2][3][4] Most lesions appear

Behcet Disease was first described in 1937 by Hulusi Behçet from Istanbul, who described three patients with oral and genital ulcerations, uveitis, and erythema nodosum. Other clinical features were identified later and were added to the disease spectrum.[1] Behcet disease is an auto-inflammatory systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology. It is characterized by mucocutaneous manifestations, including

Lichen planus (LP) is an inflammatory disorder of the skin and mucous membranes with no known cause. It appears as pruritic, violaceous papules and plaques most commonly found on the wrists, lower back, and ankles. A lattice-like network of white lines called Wickham striae overlies the lesions but is most easily observed on the buccal

Erosive lichen planus (ELP) is a variant of lichen planus which involves chronic and painful ulceration of the skin and mucosal surfaces. ELP is thought to be the result of autoimmune damage of the basal cell layer, which is mediated by activated CD8 T lymphocytes.[1] Occasionally, ELP may present in conjunction with other clinical forms of

Poroma (poroid tumor) is a benign adnexal tumor that usually originates from the terminal duct of the sweat gland.[1] Initially, in 1956 Pinkus et al. described poroma and its poroid (terminal ductal) differentiation and had been thought to be from the eccrine origin.[2] Further reports have shown cases with apocrine, sebaceous, and follicular differentiation.[3] Some authors used to

Calcinosis cutis is a condition in which calcium salts are deposited in the skin and subcutaneous tissue. It is classified into five main types: dystrophic, metastatic, idiopathic, iatrogenic, and calciphylaxis. Dystrophic calcification is the most common cause of calcinosis cutis and is associated with normal laboratory values of calcium and phosphorus. There is an underlying

Porokeratosis is an uncommon dermatologic disorder. It is a disorder of keratinization that presents with keratotic papules or annular plaques with an elevated border.[1] It has a distinct histologic hallmark of cornoid lamella, which is a column of tightly fitted parakeratotic cells in the upper epidermis.[2][3] There are multiple different clinical variants of porokeratosis, including disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis,

Arsenical keratosis is a precancerous dermatosis seen in patients with chronic arsenic toxicity (CAT).[1] It is characterized by corn-like, yellowish, hyperkeratotic papules and plaques, primarily affecting the palms and soles. Often it starts as small areas of hyperkeratosis, which increase in number and size to involve the entire palms and soles. Rarely, it can spread to

Palmoplantar psoriasis is a variant of psoriasis that characteristically affects the skin of the palms and soles. It features hyperkeratotic, pustular, or mixed morphologies. Palmoplantar pustulosis, or pustular palmoplantar psoriasis, is a possibly related dermatosis characterized by small, sterile pustules that may be a type of palmoplantar psoriasis or a distinct entity.[1] Both conditions are chronic

Warty dyskeratoma (WD) is a benign endophytic cutaneous lesion, characterized by proliferation of squamous epithelium, acantholysis, and dyskeratosis (Weedon et al. 2005). Based on its regular association with pilosebaceous units, it has been suggested that WD is a true benign follicular adnexal neoplasm (Kaddu et al. 2002). WD is rare and has a predilection for the face,

Trench foot is one of three subclasses of immersion foot and is considered a non-freezing cold injury (NFCI). It is often differentiated by the temperature of the exposure and is caused by prolonged exposure to cold but usually not freezing, damp, and sometimes unsanitary conditions. The condition will ultimately cause skin and tissue breakdown which