Category: Health A – Z

Leukocytosis is the broad term for an elevated white blood cell (WBC) count, typically above 11.0×10^9/L, on a peripheral blood smear collection. The exact value of WBC elevation can vary slightly between laboratories depending on their ‘upper limits of normal’ as identified by their reference ranges. The WBC value represents the sum-total of white blood

Polycythemia Vera is an uncommon myeloproliferative neoplasm in which the bone marrow makes too many red blood cells. It may also result in the overproduction of white blood cells and platelets. Polycythemia, derived from poly (many) and cythemia (cells in the blood), is a condition defined as an abnormal increase in the red blood cell (RBC) mass. For a normal healthy adult, the RBC mass

Peripheral Cyanosis is the bluish discoloration of the distal extremities (hands, fingertips, toes), and can sometimes involve circumoral and periorbital areas. Mucous membranes are generally not involved. Peripheral cyanosis is rarely a life-threatening medical emergency. However, it is essential to determine the underlying cause and its timely management to prevent potential complications. Cyan means ‘blue’ and

Central Cyanosis is a generalized bluish discoloration of the body and the visible mucous membranes, which occurs due to inadequate oxygenation secondary to conditions that lead to an increase in deoxygenated hemoglobin or the presence of abnormal hemoglobin. Cyan means ‘blue’ and the abnormal bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes is referred to as

Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) is a medical condition that involves an accumulation of acid in the body due to a failure of the kidneys to appropriately acidify the urine.[1] In renal physiology, when blood is filtered by the kidney, the filtrate passes through the tubules of the nephron, allowing for the exchange of salts, acid equivalents, and other solutes before it drains into the bladder as urine. The metabolic acidosis that results from RTA may be caused either by failure to reabsorb sufficient bicarbonate ions

Hyperchloremic Acidosis is a form of metabolic acidosis associated with a normal anion gap, a decrease in plasma bicarbonate concentration, and an increase in plasma chloride concentration[rx] (see anion gap for a fuller explanation). Although the plasma anion gap is normal, this condition is often associated with an increased urine anion gap, due to the kidney’s inability to secrete ammonia. Normal physiological pH is 7.35 to 7.45. A

Lactic acidosis is a medical condition characterized by the buildup of lactate (especially L-lactate) in the body, with the formation of an excessively low pH in the bloodstream. It is a form of metabolic acidosis, in which excessive acid accumulates due to a problem with the body’s oxidative metabolism. Lactic acid is produced in physiologically normal processes, and as a common finding in disease

Metabolic Acidosis is a serious electrolyte disorder characterized by an imbalance in the body’s acid-base balance. Metabolic acidosis has three main root causes: increased acid production, loss of bicarbonate, and a reduced ability of the kidneys to excrete excess acids.[rx] Metabolic acidosis can lead to acidemia, which is defined as arterial blood pH that is lower than 7.35.[rx] Acidemia and acidosis are not mutually

Postpartum Depression (PPD), also called postnatal depression, is a type of mood disorder associated with childbirth, which can affect both sexes. Symptoms may include extreme sadness, low energy, anxiety, crying episodes, irritability, and changes in sleeping or eating patterns.[rx] Onset is typically between one week and one month following childbirth.[rx] PPD can also negatively affect the newborn child.[rx][rx] Postpartum Depression What Is Postpartum Depression

Safe Exercises for Pregnant Women/Pregnant women come in the high-risk category and must always exercise precaution before stepping out of the home during these crisis fuelled days. However, that doesn’t mean you totally limit your physical movement. Yes, it’s good to be cautious, but at the same time, pregnant women should also prioritize on staying

Gestational age assessment means figuring out the number of weeks of your pregnancy. A full-term pregnancy is usually 40 weeks. It’s important to assess if gestational age is uncertain or if your baby is smaller or larger than expected. The new Ballard score is commonly used to determine gestational age. Gestational age is a key piece of data used by healthcare

Pregnancy also is known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman. A multiple pregnancy involves more than one offspring, such as with twins. Pregnancy usually occurs by sexual intercourse but can occur through assisted reproductive technology procedures. A pregnancy may end in a live birth, a spontaneous miscarriage, an induced abortion, or a stillbirth. Childbirth typically occurs around 40 weeks from the start of the last menstrual period (LMP). This is