Pancreas – Anatomy, Types, Structure, Functions

The pancreas is an organ of the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates. In humans, it is located in the abdomen behind the stomach and functions as a gland. The pancreas has both an endocrine and a digestive exocrine function. As an endocrine gland, it functions mostly to regulate blood sugar levels, secreting the hormones insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide. As a part of the digestive system, it functions as an exocrine gland secreting pancreatic juice into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct. This juice … [Read more…]

Adrenal Insufficiency – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Adrenal insufficiency is a disorder that occurs when the adrenal glands don’t make enough of certain hormones. The adrenal glands are located just above the kidneys. Adrenal insufficiency can be primary, secondary, or tertiary. Primary adrenal insufficiency is often called Addison’s disease. Adrenal insufficiency is a serious pathologic condition characterized by decreased production or action of … [Read more…]

Graves’ Disease – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism or overactive thyroid. With this disease, your immune system attacks the thyroid and causes it to make more thyroid hormone than your body needs. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. Thyroid hormones control how your body uses energy, so they affect nearly every organ in your body—even … [Read more…]

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism/Primary hyperparathyroidism is a relatively common disorder that can cause significant renal and skeletal complications. Surgery remains the definitive treatment. However, alternative therapies may be appropriate for select patients. A basic knowledge of normal calcium homeostasis is essential in diagnosing and managing patients with hyperparathyroidism. This activity reviews the evaluation and management of primary … [Read more…]

Primary Hyperparathyroidism – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Primary hyperparathyroidism is a relatively common disorder that can cause significant renal and skeletal complications. Surgery remains the definitive treatment. However, alternative therapies may be appropriate for select patients. A basic knowledge of normal calcium homeostasis is essential in diagnosing and managing patients with hyperparathyroidism. This activity reviews the evaluation and management of primary hyperparathyroidism … [Read more…]

Hormone Secretion – Anatomy, Types, Functions

Hormone Secretion/Hormones are secreted from the glands of the endocrine system, they are specific in that each hormone causes a response in a specific target organ or group of cells, rather than on the body as a whole. Exocrine hormones are secreted via a duct into the blood and usually affect a distant organ or tissue hormone secretion in birds is inhibited by peripheral hormones. … [Read more…]

Mechanisms of Hormone Action – All About You Can Know

Mechanisms of Hormone Action/Hormones are the messenger molecules of the endocrine system. Endocrine hormones travel throughout the body in the blood. However, each hormone affects only certain cells, called target cells. A target cell is the type of cell on which a hormone has an effect. A target cell is affected by a particular hormone because it has receptor … [Read more…]

What are the symptoms of thyroid in females?

What are the symptoms of thyroid in females?/Thyroid hormone is made by the thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland normally located in the lower front of the neck. Thyroid hormone is released into the blood where it is carried to all the tissues in the body. It helps the body controlling metabolism, growth, and many … [Read more…]

What is the main function of thyroid hormone?

What is the main function of the thyroid hormone? Thyroid hormone is made by the thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland normally located in the lower front of the neck. Thyroid hormone is released into the blood where it is carried to all the tissues in the body. It helps the body controlling metabolism, growth, … [Read more…]

Low Estrogen Symptoms – Causes, Symptoms

Low Estrogen Symptoms/Estrogen Hormone is a steroid hormone associated with the female reproductive organs and is responsible for the development of female sexual characteristics. Estrogen or estradiol is the most common form of estrogen hormone for FDA-approved treatment as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in the management of symptoms associated with menopause. Furthermore, this activity will … [Read more…]

Estrogen Pills – Uses, Indications, Contraindications

Estrogen Pills/Estrogen Hormone is a steroid hormone associated with the female reproductive organs and is responsible for the development of female sexual characteristics. Estrogen or estradiol is the most common form of estrogen hormone for FDA-approved treatment as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in the management of symptoms associated with menopause. Furthermore, this activity will highlight … [Read more…]