Blood Circulatory System/The circulatory system also called the cardiovascular system or the vascular system, is an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to provide nourishment and help in fighting diseases, stabilize temperature and pH, and maintain homeostasis. The heart is the organ that pumps blood through the vessels. It pumps blood directly into arteries, more … [Read more…]

Deep breathing is one of the best ways to lower stress in the body. This is because when you breathe deeply, it sends a message to your brain to calm down and relax. The brain then sends this message to your body. Those things that happen when you are stressed, such as increased heart rate, … [Read more…]

Myocardium/Cardiac muscle (or myocardium) makes up the thick middle layer of the heart. It is one of three types of muscle in the body, along with skeletal and smooth muscle. The myocardium is surrounded by a thin outer layer called the epicardium (AKA visceral pericardium) and an inner endocardium. Coronary arteries supply to the cardiac … [Read more…]

Heart Muscle /Cardiac muscle (or myocardium) makes up the thick middle layer of the heart. It is one of three types of muscle in the body, along with skeletal and smooth muscle. The myocardium is surrounded by a thin outer layer called the epicardium (AKA visceral pericardium) and an inner endocardium. Coronary arteries supply to … [Read more…]

The circulatory system also called the cardiovascular system or the vascular system, is an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to provide nourishment and help in fighting diseases, stabilize temperature and pH, and maintain homeostasis. The heart is the organ that pumps blood through the vessels. It pumps blood directly into arteries, more specifically the aorta … [Read more…]

The circulatory system, also called the cardiovascular system or the vascular system, is an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to provide nourishment and help in fighting diseases, stabilize temperature and pH, and maintain homeostasis. The heart is the organ that pumps blood through the vessels. It pumps blood directly into arteries, more specifically the … [Read more…]

Hemostasis is the mechanism that leads to the cessation of bleeding from a blood vessel. It is a process that involves multiple interlinked steps. This cascade culminates into the formation of a “plug” that closes up the damaged site of the blood vessel controlling the bleeding. It begins with trauma to the lining of the … [Read more…]

Brainstem Infarction/Brainstem stroke syndromes, also known as crossed brainstem syndromes, refer to a group of syndromes that occur secondary to lesions, most commonly infarcts, of the brainstem. A brainstem infarction (BSI) is a stroke that happens when blood cannot flow to your brainstem. When oxygen cannot get to an area of the brain, tissue in that … [Read more…]

Vasculitis is a heterogeneous group of pathologie inflammation of blood vessels (which include the veins, arteries, and capillaries) that carry blood throughout the body leading to tissue destruction with or without organ damage. Small vessel vasculitis can be seen secondary to systemic vasculitides such as Anti-neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis (Microscopic polyangiitis, Granulomatosis with … [Read more…]

Cardiospasm/Achalasia is a rare neurodegenerative motor smooth muscle motility disorder of the esophagus resulting in deranged oesophageal peristalsis and loss of lower oesophageal sphincter function that makes it difficult for food and liquid to pass into your stomach. Achalasia occurs when nerves in the tube connecting your mouth and stomach (esophagus) become damaged. As a … [Read more…]

An agammaglobulinemia is a rare form of primary immune deficiency autosomal recessive inheritance disorders characterized by the absence of circulating B cells and low serum levels of all immunoglobulin classes or complete absence of B lymphocytes and complete lack of immunoglobulins. In the presence of normal T cell counts and function that are related to … [Read more…]

Hypogammaglobulinemia/Agammaglobulinemia is a rare form of primary immune deficiency autosomal recessive inheritance disorders characterized by the absence of circulating B cells and low serum levels of all immunoglobulin classes or complete absence of B lymphocytes and complete lack of immunoglobulins. In the presence of normal T cell counts and function that are related to antibody … [Read more…]