Betaxolol ; Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions, Pregnancy

Betaxolol ; Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions, Pregnancy

Betaxolol is a racemic mixture and selective beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist with antihypertensive and anti-glaucoma activities and devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. Betaxolol selectively and competitively binds to and blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart, thereby decreasing cardiac contractility and rate. This leads to a reduction in cardiac output and lowers blood pressure. When applied topically in the eye, this agent reduces aqueous humor secretion and lowers the intraocular pressure (IOP). In addition, betaxolol prevents the release of renin, a hormone secreted by the kidneys that causes constriction of blood vessels.

Betaxolol also shows greater affininty for beta1 receptors than metoprolol. It works by blocking the action of certain natural chemicals in your bodies such as epinephrine that affects the heart and blood vessels.

Mechanism of action of Betaxolol

Betaxolol selectively blocks catecholamine stimulation of beta(1)-adrenergic receptors in the heart and vascular smooth muscle. This results in a reduction of heart rate, cardiac output, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and possibly reflex orthostatic hypotension. Betaxolol can also competitively block beta(2)-adrenergic responses in the bronchial and vascular smooth muscles, causing bronchospasm.Betaxolol is a competitive, beta(1)-selective (cardioselective) adrenergic antagonist . Activation of beta(1)-receptors (located mainly in the heart) by epinephrine increases the heart rate and the blood pressure, and the heart consumes more oxygen. Drugs such as betaxolol that block these receptors, therefore, have the reverse effect: they lower the heart rate and blood pressure and hence are used in conditions when the heart itself is deprived of oxygen. They are routinely prescribed in patients with ischemic heart disease. In addition, beta(1)-selective blockers prevent the release of renin, which is a hormone produced by the kidneys which lead to constriction of blood vessels. Betaxolol is lipophilic and exhibits no intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) or membrane stabilizing activity.

Indications of Betaxolol

  • Angina pectoris prophylaxis
  • To treatment of hypertension,
  • Arrhythmias,
  • Coronary heart disease,
  • Glaucoma,
  • To reduce non-fatal cardiac events in patients with heart failure.
  • Ophthalmic: for the management of glaucoma
  • the drug seems to have an effect of neuroprotection in glaucoma treatment
  • Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in conditions such as ocular hypertension
  • Chronic open-angle glaucoma.
You Might Also Like   Tretinoin - Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions

Contra-Indications of Betaxolol

  • Patients with sinus bradycardia, heart block greater than first degree, cardiogenic shock, and overt cardiac failure
  • Sinus bradycardia, sick sinus syndrome, sino-atrial block
  • Cardiogenic shock;
  • Overt cardiac failure;
  • Pheochromocytoma
  • Diabetes
  • Depression
  • Complete heart block
  • Second-degree atrioventricular heart block
  • Sinus bradycardia
  • Suddenly serious symptoms of heart failure
  • Occasional Numbness
  • Prickling
  • Tingling of fingers and toes
  • Asthma
  • Asthma attack
  • Liver problems
  • kidney disease with the reduction in kidney function
  • Severe renal impairment
  • Psoriasis
  • Blood circulation failure due to the serious heart condition
  • Pregnancy
  • Anaphylactic shock due to Allergy Shots
  • Second or third degree AV block not controlled with pace-maker.;
  • Hypersensitivity to the active substance (betaxolol),
  • Reactive airway disease including severe bronchial asthma or a history of severe bronchial asthma, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Dosage of Betaxolol

Intraocular Hypertension

  • 0.25% suspension: One drop in the affected eye(s) twice a day
  • 0.5% solution: One to two drops in the affected eye(s) twice a day

Glaucoma (Open Angle)

  • 0.25% suspension: One drop in the affected eye(s) twice a day
  • 0.5% solution: One to two drops in the affected eye(s) twice a day

Pediatric Dose for Intraocular Hypertension

  • 0.25% suspension: One drop in the affected eye(s) twice a day

Side Effects of Betaxolol

The most common

You Might Also Like   Toremifene; Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions

Common

Rare

 Drugs interactions of Betaxolol

Betaxolol may interact with following drugs, supplements, & may change the efficacy of drugs

Pregnancy & Lactation

Pregnancy

There are no adequate data for the use of betaxolol in pregnant women. Betaxolol should not be used during pregnancy unless clearly necessary.

Epidemiological studies have not revealed malformative effects but show a risk for intra uterine growth retardation when beta-blockers are administered by the oral route. In addition, signs and symptoms of beta-blockade (e.g. bradycardia, hypotension, respiratory distress, and hypoglycemia) have been observed in the neonate when beta-blockers have been administered until delivery. If Betaxolol Eye Drops is administered until delivery, the neonate should be carefully monitored during the first days of life.

You Might Also Like   Minoxidil Oral 5 mg Tablet - Uses, Dosage, Side Effects

Lactation

Beta-blockers are excreted in breast milk, having the potential to cause serious undesirable effects in the infant of the nursing mother. However, at therapeutic doses of betaxolol in eye drops, it is not likely that sufficient amounts would be present in breast milk to produce clinical symptoms of beta-blockade in the infant.

References

Betaxolol

Loading

If the article is helpful, please Click to Star Icon and Rate This Post!
[Total: 0 Average: 0]

About the author

Translate »