Autoimmune disease is a condition arising from an abnormal immune response to a normal body part. There are at least 80 types of autoimmune diseases.[rx] Nearly any body part can be involved.[rx] Common symptoms include low-grade fever and feeling tired.[rx] Often symptoms come and go.[rx]
Types of Autoimmune Diseases
Acquired pure red cell aplasia
Synonyms: Idiopathic pure red cell aplasia, Adult pure red cell aplasia, Acquired PRCA
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Synonyms: ADE, ADEM
Addison’s disease
Synonyms: Addison disease, Adrenal hypoplasia, Hypoadrenocorticism familial, Adrenal aplasia, Adrenal gland hypofunction
Alopecia areata
Synonyms: AA, Diffuse alopecia, Patchy alopecia, Marginal alopecia, Alopecia Celsi, Alopecia Cicatrisata, Alopecia Circumscripta, Cazenave’s Vitiligo, Celsus’ Vitiligo, Jonston’s Alopecia
Alopecia universalis
Synonyms: Alopecia areata universalis, AU
Ankylosing spondylitis
Synonyms: Ankylosing spondyloarthritis, Bechterew syndrome, Marie-Strumpell spondylitis
Annular atrophic lichen planus
Synonyms: Annular atrophic LP
Annular lichen planus
Synonyms: Annular LP
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Synonyms: Familial antiphospholipid syndrome, Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, Lupus anticoagulant, familial, APS, Hughes syndrome
Antisynthetase syndrome
Synonyms: Anti-Jo1 syndrome, AS syndrome
Artritis idiopática juvenil
Synonyms: Artritis juvenil crónica, Artritis juvenil reumatoide, Artritis reumatoide juvenil
Atrophic lichen planus
Synonyms: Atrophic LP
Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy
Synonyms: Autoimmune Autonomic Neuropathy
Autoimmune gastrointestinal dysmotility
Synonyms: AGID
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Synonyms: Anemia hemolytic autoimmune, Acquired autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Familial auto-immune hemolytic anemia (subtype), Immuno-hemolytic anemia
Autoimmune hepatitis
Synonyms: Autoimmune chronic hepatitis, AIH
Autoimmune Inner Ear disease
Synonyms: AIED
Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
Synonyms: ALPS, Canale-Smith syndrome, Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 1, autosomal dominant, FAS deficiency
Autoimmune pancreatitis
Synonyms: Lymphoplasmocytic sclerosing pancreatitis
Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1
Synonyms: APS 1, Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1, Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), Hypoadrenocorticism with hypoparathyroidism and superficial moniliasis, Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type 1, Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type 1, PGA 1, PGA-I, Whitaker syndrome, Type I Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome, Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I
Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2
Synonyms: Diabetes mellitus, Addison’s disease, myxedema, Multiple endocrine deficiency syndrome, type 2, Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome, type 2, Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2, Schmidt syndrome, Schmidt’s syndrome, APS2, PGA 2, Polyglandular deficiency syndrome type 2, Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type II, PGA-II
Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 3
Synonyms: Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 3, APS3, Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type 3, PAS3, Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type III, PGA-III
Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis
Synonyms: APD
Behçet disease
Synonyms: Behçet’s syndrome, Behçet syndrome, BD, Behcet syndrome, Behcet’s disease, Behçet’s disease, Behcet’s syndrome, Behçet’s disease
Blau syndrome
Synonyms: Arthrocutaneouveal granulomatosis, ACUG, Granulomatosis, familial, Blau type, Granulomatous inflammatory arthritis, dermatitis, and uveitis, familial, Synovitis granulomatous with uveitis and cranial neuropathies, Granulomatosis, familial juvenile systemic, Jabs syndrome
Bullous pemphigoid
Synonyms: Senile Dermatitis Herpetiformis, Pemphigoid, Parapemphigus, Old Age Pemphigus, Benign Pemphigus
Castleman disease
Synonyms: Angiofollicular ganglionic hyperplasia, Angiofollicular lymph hyperplasia, Giant lymph node hyperplasia, Benign giant lymphoma
Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome
Synonyms: Catastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, Thrombotic storm
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Synonyms: CIDP, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis
Synonyms: CRMO, Multifocal osteomyelitis, chronic, Chronic multifocal osteomyelitis, CMO, Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis/Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis, CNO/CRMO
Cicatricial pemphigoid
Synonyms: Benign mucosal pemphigoid, Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid
Cogan’s syndrome
Synonyms: Cogan syndrome
Cold agglutinin disease
Synonyms: Anemia, hemolytic, cold antibody, Cold antibody hemolytic anemia, Cold antibody disease, CAD
Congenital heart block
Synonyms: Heart block congenital
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus
Synonyms: Lupus erythematosus, cutaneous
Demyelinating disease of central nervous system
Synonyms: Demyelinating CNS disease
Dermatitis herpetiformis familial
Synonyms: Dermatitis herpetiformis, Duhring-Brocq disease
Dermatomyositis
Synonyms: Adult dermatomyositis
Eosinophilic enteropathy
Synonyms: Eosinophilic gastroenteritis, Eosinophilic gastritis, Eosinophilic enteritis, Eosinophilic gastroenteropathy, Eosinophilic esophagitis
Eosinophilic fasciitis
Synonyms: Shulman syndrome, EF
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Synonyms: CSS, Allergic granulomatous and angiitis, Allergic angiitis and granulomatosis, Allergic granulomatosis, Churg-Strauss vasculitis, Granulomatous allergic angiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, EGPA
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
Synonyms: EB acquisita, EBA, Acquired epidermolysis bullosa
Erythema nodosum, idiopathic
Synonyms: Idiopathic erythema nodosum, Erythema nodosum of unknown etiology
Evans syndrome
Synonyms: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and autoimmune thrombocytopenia, Evan syndrome
Familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome
Synonyms: FCAS, Familial polymorphous cold eruption, Familial cold urticaria
Familial erythema nodosum
Synonyms: Erythema nodosum, familial
Febrile Ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann disease
Synonyms: FUMHD, Ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann disease, Variant of Mucha-Habermann disease
Felty’s syndrome
Synonyms: Felty syndrome, Rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly and neutropenia, Familial Felty’s syndrome
Fibrosis retroperitoneal
Synonyms: Enfermedad de Ormond
Giant cell arteritis
Synonyms: GCA, Temporal arteritis, Cranial arteritis, Horton’s disease, Horton’s arteritis, Horton’s giant cell arteritis, Horton’s syndrome, Horton’s temporal arteritis, Arteritis temporalis, Arteritis cranialis
Giant cell myocarditis
Synonyms: GCM, Idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis
Glomerulonephritis
Synonyms: Bright’s disease
Goodpasture syndrome
Synonyms: Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with pulmonary hemorrhage, Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody disease, Glomerulonephritis – pulmonary hemorrhage, Pulmonary renal syndrome
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Synonyms: GPA, WG, Wegener granulomatosis, Midline granulomatosis
Graves disease
Synonyms: Basedow disease, Exophthalmic goiter, Parry disease, Graves’ hyperthyroidism
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Synonyms: Acute autoimmune peripheral neuropathy, GBS, Acute immune-mediated polyneuropathy, Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, Acute inflammatory neuropathy, Acute inflammatory polyneuropathy, Landry-Guillain-Barre-Strohl syndrome, Landry’s ascending paralysis, Post-infective polyneuritis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Guillain-Barré-Strohl syndrome
Hashimoto encephalopathy
Synonyms: Hashimoto’s encephalopathy, Steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis
Hashimoto’s syndrome
Synonyms: Autoimmune thyroiditis, Hashimoto’s disease, Thyroiditis, chronic, Hashimoto’s struma, Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Synonyms: Purpura, Schonlein-Henoch, Anaphylactoid purpura, Vascular purpura, Henoch Schonlein purpura, Immunoglobulin A vasculitis, Immunoglobulin-A vasculitis
Hyper IgE syndrome
Synonyms: Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome, HIES, Hyper-IgE recurrent infection syndrome
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Synonyms: Fibrosing alveolitis, cryptogenic, Familial idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Fibrocystic pulmonary dysplasia, Fibrosing alveolitis
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Synonyms: ITP, Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, Thrombocytopenic purpura autoimmune
IgA nephropathy
Synonyms: Nephritis, IGA type, IGAN, Glomerulonephritis, IGA, Berger’s disease, Berger disease
IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis
Synonyms: Mikulicz’s disease (former), Mikulicz disease (former), Mikulicz syndrome (former), Chronic dacryoadenitis and sialadenitis
Inclusion body myositis
Synonyms: IBM, Inflammatory myopathy, Sporadic inclusion body myositis
Insulin autoimmune syndrome
Synonyms: Hirata disease, Insulin autoimmune hypoglycemia
Interstitial cystitis
Synonyms: IC, Pelvic pain syndrome, Trigonitis, Painful bladder syndrome, PBS, Bladder pain syndrome, IC/BPS, IC/PBS, Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome, Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome
Juvenile dermatomyositis
Synonyms: JDM, Juvenile myositis, JPM
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Synonyms: Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, Arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid, Juvenile chronic arthritis, Juvenile arthritis
Kawasaki disease
Synonyms: Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, Kawasaki syndrome
Lambert Eaton myasthenic syndrome
Synonyms: LEMS, Eaton Lambert syndrome, Lambert Eaton syndrome, Myasthenic syndrome of Lambert-Eaton, Myasthenic-Myopathic syndrome of Lambert-Eaton
Lichen planopilaris
Synonyms: Follicular lichen planus, Frontal fibrosing alopecia (subtype), Kossard disease, Lichen planopilaris classic type, LPP, Lichen planus follicularis, Lichen follicularis
Lichen planus pemphigoides
Synonyms: LP pemphigoides
Lichen sclerosus
Synonyms: Lichen sclerosis, Lichen sclerosis et atrophicus, Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus
Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis
Synonyms: Limited cutaneous systemic scleroderma
Linear IgA disease
Synonyms: Linear IgA dermatosis, Linear immunoglobulin A (IgA) dermatosis, LAD, Linear IgA bullous dermatosis
Linear lichen planus
Synonyms: Blaschkoid LP, Blaschkoid lichen planus, Linear LP, LLP
Lupus
Synonyms: Systemic lupus erythematosus, Disseminated lupus erythematosus, Lupus erythematosus, Discoid lupus, Subacute cutaneous lupus, SLE
Mannose-binding lectin protein deficiency
Synonyms: MBL deficiency, Mannose-binding protein deficiency
Ménière’s disease
Synonyms: Meniere’s disease, Meniere disease
Mixed connective tissue disease
Synonyms: MCTD, Sharp syndrome
Multiple sclerosis
Synonyms: MS
Myasthenia gravis congenital
Synonyms: Congenital MG, Myasthenia gravis pseudoparalytica, Erb-Goldflam syndrome
Narcolepsy
Synonyms: Narcoleptic syndrome, Gelineau syndrome, Gelineau’s syndrome, Narcolepsy-cataplexy syndrome, Paroxysmal sleep
Neonatal systemic lupus erythematosus
Synonyms: Neonatal SLE, Neonatal lupus syndrome, Neonatal lupus, Congenital lupus erythematosus, Congenital lupus
Neuromyelitis optica
Synonyms: Devic syndrome, NMO, Devic’s neuromyelitis optica, Devic disease, NMO spectrum disorder
Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid
Synonyms: Cicatricial pemphigoid, ocular, Pemphigoid, ocular cicatricial
Palindromic rheumatism
Synonyms: Palindromic rheumatism syndrome, Hench-Rosenberg syndrome, Hench’s syndrome
Paraneoplastic Neurologic Disorders
Synonyms: PND
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Synonyms: PNH, Marchiafava-Micheli disease
Pars planitis
Synonyms: Intermediate uveitis, Peripheral retinal inflammation, Vitritis
Parsonage Turner syndrome
Synonyms: Acute brachial neuritis, Acute brachial neuritis syndrome, Acute brachial radiculitis syndrome, Acute shoulder neuritis, Idiopathic neuralgic amyotrophy
Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with Streptococcus infections
Synonyms: PANDAS, Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcus, Pediatric autoimmune disorders associated with Streptococcus infections
Pernicious anemia
Synonyms: Acquired pernicious anemia, Biermer anemia, Addison-Biermer anemia, Addisonian anemia, Juvenile onset pernicious anemia, Biermer’s disease
POEMS syndrome
Synonyms: Polyneuropathy organomegaly, Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, M protein, and Skin changes syndrome, Crow-Fukase syndrome
Polyarteritis nodosa
Synonyms: PAN, Periarteritis, Polyarteritis
Primary agammaglobulinemia
Synonyms: Antibody Deficiency, Gammaglobulin Deficiency, Immunoglobulin Deficiency
Primary biliary cholangitis
Synonyms: PBC, Familial primary biliary cirrhosis, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Synonyms: Cholangitis, primary sclerosing, Sclerosing cholangitis
Progressive hemifacial atrophy
Synonyms: Parry-Romberg syndrome, Hemifacial atrophy, progressive, Romberg hemi-facial atrophy
Psoriatic juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Synonyms: Juvenile psoriatic arthritis, Psoriasis-related JIA, Psoriasis-related juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Pure red cell aplasia
Synonyms: PRCA
Rare lichen planus
Synonyms: Rare LP
Reactive arthritis
Synonyms: Post-infectious arthritis, Post-infectious reactive arthropathy, PIRA, Reiter syndrome, Reiter’s syndrome
Relapsing polychondritis
Synonyms: Chronic atrophic polychondritis, Recurrent polychondritis, Polychondropathia
Restless legs syndrome, susceptibility to, 1
Synonyms: RLS1
Restless legs syndrome, susceptibility to, 2
Synonyms: RLS2
Restless legs syndrome, susceptibility to, 3
Synonyms: RLS3
Restless legs syndrome, susceptibility to, 4
Synonyms: RLS 4
Restless legs syndrome, susceptibility to, 5
Synonyms: RLS 5
Restless legs syndrome, susceptibility to, 6
Synonyms: RLS6, Periodic limb movements in sleep
Retroperitoneal fibrosis
Synonyms: Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis, Ormond’s disease, IgG4-related retroperitoneal fibrosis, Ormond disease
Rheumatic Fever
Synonyms: Acute Rheumatic Fever, Inflammatory Rheumatism
Sarcoidosis
Synonyms: Sarcoid of Boeck, Schaumann’s disease
Selective IgA deficiency
Synonyms: IGAD1, Immunoglobulin A, selective deficiency of, IgA, selective deficiency of, Gamma-A-globulin, selective deficiency of, Immunoglobulin A deficiency 1
Síndrome de Guillain-Barré
Synonyms: Síndrome de Guillain-Barré-Strohl
Sjogren syndrome
Synonyms: Sicca syndrome, Sjogren-Gougerot syndrome
Stiff person syndrome
Synonyms: Stiff man syndrome, Morsch Woltman syndrome, SPS, Moersch-Woltman syndrome, SMS, Stiff person syndrome and related disorders
Subacute cerebellar degeneration
Synonyms: Cerebellar degeneration, subacute, SCD, Alcoholic cerebellar degeneration, Nutritional cerebellar degeneration
Susac syndrome
Synonyms: Retinocochleocerebral vasculopathy, SICRET (small infarction of cochlear, retinal, and encephalic tissue) syndrome
Takayasu arteritis
Synonyms: TA, Young female arteritis, Takayasu disease, Pulseless disease, Aortic arch syndrome
Tolosa Hunt syndrome
Synonyms: THS, Painful ophthalmoplegia, Nonspecific inflammation of the cavernous sinus or superior orbital fissure, Tolosa-Hunt syndrome
Undifferentiated connective tissue disease
Synonyms: Undifferentiated connective tissue syndrome, UCTD
Unicentric Castleman disease
Synonyms: Unicentric angiofollicular ganglionic hyperplasia, Unicentric angiofollicular lymph hyperplasia, Localized Castleman disease
Vasculitis
Synonyms: Vasculitis, autoimmune, Angiitis, Autoimmune vasculitis
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease
Synonyms: VKH syndrome, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, Uveomenigitic syndrome, VKH disease
Warm antibody hemolytic anemia
Synonyms: Warm-reacting-antibody hemolytic anemia, Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Warm antibody AIHA
Wells syndrome
Synonyms: Eosinophilic cellulitis, Bullous cellulitis with eosinophilia, Wells’ syndrome
Symptoms of Autoimmune Diseases
Autoimmune diseases have a wide variety of different effects. They do tend to have one of three characteristic pathological effects which characterize them as autoimmune diseases:[rx]
- Damage to or destruction of tissues
- Altered organ growth
- Altered organ function
It has been estimated that autoimmune diseases are among the leading causes of death among women in the United States in all age groups up to 65 years.[rx] A substantial minority of the population suffers from these diseases, which are often chronic, debilitating, and life-threatening. There are more than 80 illnesses caused by autoimmunity.[rx]
Causes of Autoimmune Diseases
The cause is generally unknown.[rx] Some autoimmune diseases such as lupus run in families, and certain cases may be triggered by infections or other environmental factors.[rx] There are more than 100 autoimmune diseases.[rx]Some common diseases that are generally considered autoimmune include celiac disease, diabetes mellitus type 1, Graves’ disease, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.[rx][rx]
References
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